At the time of European settlement, part of the area that became Charlottesville was occupied by aMonacan village calledMonasukapanough.[10] They were pushed off their land by English settlers and were forced to disperse to North Carolina, Tennessee and possibly as far as Canada.[11]
Unlike much of Virginia, Charlottesville was spared the brunt of theAmerican Civil War. The only battle to take place in Charlottesville was theskirmish at Rio Hill, an encounter in whichGeorge Armstrong Custer briefly engaged localConfederate Home Guards before retreating. A year later, the Charlottesville Factory, foundedc. 1820–1830, was accidentally burnt during GeneralPhilip Sheridan's 1865 raid through the Shenandoah Valley. However, the mayor had surrendered the city to Generals Custer and Sheridan to keep the town from being burned. The factory had been taken over by the Confederacy and used to manufacture woolen clothing for the soldiers. It caught fire when some coals taken by Union troops to burn the nearby railroad bridge dropped on the floor. The factory was rebuilt immediately and was known as the Woolen Mills until its liquidation in 1962.[13]
After Reconstruction ended, Charlottesville's African American population suffered underJim Crow laws that segregated public places and limited opportunity. Schools were racially segregated and African Americans were not served in many local businesses.[14] Public parks were planned separately for the white and African American populations: four for whites, and one for African Americans built on the site of a former dump.[15] TheKu Klux Klan had chapters in the Charlottesville area beginning at least in the early twentieth century,[16] and events such aslynchings andcross burnings occurred in the Charlottesville area. In 1898, Charlottesville residentJohn Henry James was lynched in the nearby town of Ivy.[17] In August 1950, three white men were observed burning a cross on Cherry Avenue, a street in a mostlyAfrican-American neighborhood in Charlottesville.[18] It was speculated that the cross burning might be a reaction to "a white man [who] had been known to socialize with one of the young Negro women in that vicinity."[18] In 1956, crosses were burned outside a progressive church.[19]
In 1947, Charlottesville organized a localNAACP branch.[20][21] In 2001, the Charlottesville and Albemarle Branches of the NAACP merged to form the Albemarle-Charlottesville NAACP Branch.[21]
In the fall of 1958, Charlottesville closed its segregated white schools as part of Virginia's strategy ofmassive resistance to federal court orders requiring integration as part of the implementation of theSupreme Court of the United States decisionBrown v. Board of Education. The closures were required by a new series of state laws collectively known as theStanley Plan, which prohibited and denied funding to integrated public schools. Segregated schools remained open, however.[22][page needed] The first African-American member of the Charlottesville School Board was Raymond Bell in 1963.[23]
In 1963, later than many Southern cities, civil rights activists in Charlottesville began protesting segregated restaurants withsit-ins, such as one that occurred at Buddy's Restaurant near the University of Virginia.[24]
In 1965, the city government razed the downtown African American neighborhoodVinegar Hill as anurban renewal project, after the city council passed a law stating that "unsanitary and unsafe" properties could be taken over by ahousing authority.[25] Vinegar Hill had served the needs of the black community while the city remainedsegregated.[26] One hundred thirty homes, five Black-owned businesses, and a church were destroyed.[27] Many displaced community members moved into the Westhaven public housing project. The land was not redeveloped until the late 1970s.
Despite razing this small area comprising about 20 acres abutting West Main Street in the city's commercial downtown area, Charlottesville maintained its vibrant black community spanning the much larger and still extant Ridge Street and Fifeville neighborhoods to the south, and the Tenth & Page and Rose Hill neighborhoods to the north. Neighborhood civic associations, social clubs, and church groups sponsored activities for its residents.[28] The Blue Mints Social Club met at the home of Mrs. Reva Shelton on December 1, 1974. At this meeting, the group planned their annual "Baskets of Cheer", and hosted a Cabaret Dance on New Year's Eve at Carver Recreation Center, with the Randolph Brothers performing.[29] In 1974, other social clubs listed are the Bethune Art and Literary Club, The Lucky Twenty Club, and the Les Amies Club.[30][31][32]
Lee sculpture covered in black tarp following theUnite the Right rally of 2017 (now removed by the city)Court Square and Confederate statue (now removed by the city)
Starting in the 2010s Charlottesville received national attention because of local conflict between those who did and those who did not want Confederate symbols removed.The Washington Post has reported that "Nowhere has this clash been more fraught than in Charlottesville, where parks have been renamed, then renamed again, streets have been re-christened, and stickers bearing white supremacist slogans go up as quickly as activists can remove them."[33]
City attempts to remove statues ofRobert E. Lee andStonewall Jackson from downtown parks have been the subject of extensive, unresolved litigation. The movement to remove the statues gained traction when, in 2016, local high school student Zyahna Bryant authored a petition calling on city government to remove the Lee statue and rename the park.[34] In August 2017,white supremacist groups opposed to their removal organized the "Unite the Right rally" to protest against the removal of theRobert E. Lee statue from then Lee Park, subsequently renamedEmancipation Park.[35] After the rally, awhite nationalist drove a car into protesters, resulting in the death of counter-protesterHeather Heyer and causing injuries to 19 other counter-protesters.[36] The incident became national news and Charlottesville became a symbol of political turbulence nationwide.[37] The "Unite the Right Rally" is credited as being a significant catalyst in US political violence and reportedly represented a growing presence of far-right and white supremacist violence.[38] The city succeeded in the removal of the Lee and Jackson statues on July 10, 2021,[39] in addition to a statue ofMeriwether Lewis,William Clark andSacagawea of theLewis and Clark Expedition.[40]
Christ Episcopal Church was Charlottesville's first church. It was begun in 1820 by builders on loan from Thomas Jefferson, and the congregation's current home was completed in the early 1900s.[41]
The first black church in Charlottesville, the First Baptist Church of Charlottesville, was established in 1864. Previously, it was illegal for African Americans to have their own churches, although they were allowed to worship in designated areas in white churches, if the white church members allowed it. Its first black pastor (previously, it was required by law that all churches have white pastors), wasWilliam D. Gibbons. The date he became pastor is not known with certainty, but was about 1868. A current predominantly African-American church can trace its lineage to that first church.[42]
In 1974, some of the Baptist churches in Charlottesville included the Union Run Baptist Church, the South Garden Baptist Church, and the Ebenezer Baptist Church.[44]
The firstCatholic church in Charlottesville was the Church of the Paraclete, built in 1880 and erected as a parish in 1896. In 1906 the church building was renovated and the parish was renamed to Holy Comforter. A second parish was erected for the growing Catholic population in 1976 called the Church of the Incarnation.[45] In 1967 aDominican-run parish for Catholic students at the University of Virginia was dedicated (replacing aNewman Center begun in 1943), and named St. Thomas Aquinas University Parish.[46] The first Mass of record in Charlottesville was celebrated in the parlor of F. M. Paoli's residence, presumably on Random Row, now West Main Street. Services were held for about 12 years after that in the Town Hall. The presiders were priests who came from St. Francis Assisi Church in Staunton and then traveled on to other missions in the area.[47]
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.3 square miles (27 km2), virtually all of which is land.[48] Charlottesville is located in central Virginia along theRivanna River—a tributary of theJames—just west of the Southwest Mountains, a range which parallels theBlue Ridge about 20 miles (32 km) to the west. Charlottesville is 99 miles (159 km) fromWashington, D.C., and 72 miles (116 km) fromRichmond. Charlottesville exists on rolling hills between theUniversity of Virginia to its west andRivanna River to its east.
Charlottesville has a four-seasonhumid subtropical climate (KöppenCfa), with all months being well-watered, though the period from May to September is the wettest. Winters are somewhat cool, with a January average of 36.2 °F (2.3 °C), though lows can fall into the teens (< −7 °C) on some nights and highs frequently (11 days in January) reach 50 °F (10 °C).[49][50] Spring and autumn provide transitions of reasonable length. Summers are hot and humid, with July averaging 77.6 °F (25.3 °C) and the high exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on 34.4 or more days per year.[49][50] Snowfall is highly variable from year to year but is normally moderate, averaging 17.0 inches (43 cm).[49][50] What does fall does not remain on the ground for long. Extremes have ranged from −10 °F (−23 °C) on January 19, 1994, up to 107 °F (42 °C), most recently on September 7, 1954.[49]
^Threaded records maintained at the "Charlottesville 2W" (Leander McCormick Observatory) from January 1893 to November 13, 1998, and at Charlottesville–Albemarle Airport since November 14, 1998.[52]
Charlottesville city, Virginia – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
As of thecensus[62] of 2010, there were 43,475 people, 17,778 households, and 7,518 families residing in the city. Thepopulation density was 4,220.8 people per square mile (1,629.7 people/km2). There were 19,189 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 69.1%White, 19.4%Black American, 0.3%Native American, 6.4%Asian, 1.8% fromother races, and 3.0% from two or more races. 5.1% of the population wereHispanics or Latinos of any race.
There were 17,778 households, out of which 17.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.1% weremarried couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 57.7% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.91.
The age distribution was 14.9% under the age of 18, 24.3% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27.8 years. The population was 52.3% female and 47.7% male. The city's low median age and the "bulge" in the 18-to-24 age group are both due to the presence of theUniversity of Virginia.
The median income for a household in the city was $44,535, and the median income for a family was $63,934. Theper capita income for the city was $26,049. About 10.5% of families and 27.3% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 15.8% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.
20% of Charlottesville residents have a graduate or professional degree, compared with 10% in the United States as a whole.[63]
The city of Charlottesville has an overallcrime rate higher than the national average, which tends to be a typical pattern for urban areas of theSouthern United States.[65][66]
Charlottesville's total crime rate from 2009 to 2023
The total number of crimes reported in Charlottesville declined from 2009 to 2020, followed by a slight rebound continuing through 2023.[67]
18% of people employed in Charlottesville live there, while 82% commute into the city. 42% of those commuting to Charlottesville live inAlbemarle County. Additionally, 11,497 people commute from Charlottesville outside of the city for employment. 51% of those commuting from Charlottesville work in Albemarle County. In 2016, Charlottesville had a 3.3% unemployment rate.[63]
FirstUnited Methodist Church in the historic district of downtown Charlottesville (pictured July 2011) has since been renovated.TheDowntown Mall
Charlottesville has a large series of attractions and venues for its relatively small size. Visitors come to the area for wine and beer tours, ballooning, hiking, and world-class entertainment that perform at one of the area's four larger venues. The city is both the launching pad and home of theDave Matthews Band as well as the center of a sizable indie music scene.[69] Charlottesville hosts multiple orchestral groups including the Blue Ridge Chamber Orchestra,[70] Youth Orchestras of Central Virginia,[71] and the Charlottesville Symphony at the University of Virginia.[72]
The Charlottesville area was the home ofThomas Jefferson,James Madison, andJames Monroe.Monticello, Jefferson's plantation manor, is located just a few miles from downtown. The home ofJames Monroe,Ash Lawn-Highland, is down the road fromMonticello. About 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Charlottesville lies the home of James andDolley Madison,Montpelier. During the summer, the Ash Lawn-Highland Opera Festival is held at the downtown Paramount Theater with a performance at Ash Lawn-Highland.
The nearbyShenandoah National Park offers recreational activities, scenic mountains and hiking trails.Skyline Drive is a scenic drive that runs the length of the park, alternately winding through thick forest and emerging upon sweeping scenic overlooks. TheBlue Ridge Parkway, a similar scenic drive that extends 469 miles (755 km) south toGreat Smoky Mountains National Park inNorth Carolina, terminates at the southern entrance of Shenandoah, where it turns into Skyline Drive. This junction of the two scenic drives is only 22 miles (35 km) west of downtown Charlottesville.
Charlottesville'sdowntown is a center of business forAlbemarle County. It is home to theDowntown Mall, one of the longest outdoor pedestrian malls in the nation, with stores, restaurants, theaters and civic attractions. The renovatedParamount Theater hosts various events, including Broadway shows and concerts. Local theatrics downtown includes Charlottesville's community theater Live Arts. Other attractions on the Downtown Mall are the Virginia Discovery Museum and a 3,500 seat outdoor amphitheater, the Ting Pavilion (formerly the Sprint Pavilion and the nTelos Wireless Pavilion). Court Square, just a few blocks from the Downtown Mall, is the original center of Charlottesville and several of the historic buildings there date back to the city's founding in 1762.
Charlottesville also is home to theUniversity of Virginia (most of which is legally in Albemarle County[73]). During the academic year, over 20,000 students enter Charlottesville to attend the university. Its main grounds are located on the west side of Charlottesville, withThomas Jefferson's Academical Village, known asthe Lawn, as the centerpiece. The Lawn is a long esplanade crowned by two prominent structures,The Rotunda (designed by Jefferson) and Old Cabell Hall (designed byStanford White). Along the Lawn and the parallelRange are dormitory rooms reserved for distinguished students. The University Programs Council is a student-run body that programs concerts, comedy shows, speakers, and other events open to the students and the community.[74][75] One block from The Rotunda, the University of Virginia Art Museum exhibits work drawn from its collection of more than 10,000 objects and special temporary exhibitions from sources nationwide. It is also home to theJudge Advocate General's Legal Center and School where all U.S. Army military lawyers, known as "JAGs", take courses specific to military law.
Downtown Mall
The Corner is thecommercial district abutting the main grounds of the University of Virginia along University Avenue. This area is full of college bars, eateries, and University merchandise stores, and is busy with student activity during the school year. Pedestrian traffic peaks during the university's home football games and graduation ceremonies. Much of the university'sGreek life is on the nearbyRugby Road, contributing to the nightlife and local bar scene. West Main Street, running from the Corner to theDowntown Mall, is a commercial district of restaurants, bars, and other businesses.[76]
Charlottesville features dozens of public murals located across restaurants, community spaces, and streets in several neighborhoods. Many artworks were created through city art initiatives such as the Alexandria-based Tom Tom Founders Festival “City as Canvas” project, and the Paint & Poetry collaboration between the Charlottesville Mural Project and New City Arts Initiative.[80]
Charlottesville has no professional sports teams, but is home to theUniversity of Virginia's athletic teams, theCavaliers, most notably the 2019 NCAA Men's National Basketball Champions.[81] The Cavaliers have a wide fan base throughout the region and state. The Cavaliers field teams in sports from soccer to basketball, and have modern facilities that draw spectators throughout the year. Cavalierfootball season draws the largest crowds during the academic year, with football games played inScott Stadium. The stadium hosted large musical events, including concerts by theDave Matthews Band,The Rolling Stones andU2.
John Paul Jones Arena, which opened in 2006, is the home arena of the Cavalierbasketball teams, in addition to serving as a site for concerts and other entertainment events. The arena seats 14,593 for basketball. In its first season in the new arena concluded in March 2007, the Virginia men's basketball team tied withUNC for 1st in the ACC. Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball won the ACC outright in the 2013–14 season, as well as the2014 ACC tournament. The team finished the season ranked No. 3 in the AP poll before losing toTom Izzo'sSpartans by two points in the Sweet Sixteen held in Brooklyn, New York. The Cavaliers' men's basketball team won the NCAA championship on April 8, 2019.
Lacrosse has become a significant part of the Charlottesville sports scene. The Virginia Men's team won their firstNCAA Championship in 1972; in 2006, they won their fourth national championship and were the first team to finish undefeated in 17 games (then a record for wins). The team won its seventh National Championship in 2021. Virginia's Women's team has threeNCAA Championships to its credit, with wins in 1991, 1993, and 2004. The team most recently lost in2023 semi finals to Notre Dame by a score of 13–12 in overtime on May 27, 2023. The soccer program is also strong; the Men's team shared a national title with Santa Clara in 1989 and won an unprecedented four consecutive NCAA Division I Championships (1991–1994). Their coach during that period wasBruce Arena, who later won two MLS titles at D.C. United and coached the U.S. National Team during the 2002 and 2006 World Cups. The Virginia Men's soccer team won the NCAA Championship again in both2009 and2014 under coachGeorge Gelnovatch. Virginia'sbaseball team, has enjoyed a resurgence in recent years, under Head Coach Brian O'Connor, after hosting several regionals and Super Regionals in the post-season, and playing in the 2009, 2011, and2014 College World Series. They finished as runners-up in the 2014 edition, despite outscoringVanderbilt 17–12 in the three-game series. The team then avenged this loss the following year, beating Vanderbilt in 2015 for its first NCAA baseball title.
Charlottesville area high school sports have been prominent throughout the state. Charlottesville is a hotbed for lacrosse in the country, with teams such asSt. Anne's-Belfield School,The Covenant School,Tandem Friends School, Charlottesville Catholic School,Charlottesville High School,Western Albemarle High School andAlbemarle High School. Charlottesville High School won theVHSL Group AA boys' soccer championship in 2004. St. Anne's-Belfield School won its fourth state private-school championship in ten years in football in 2006. The Covenant School won the state private-school title in boys' cross country in the 2007–2008 school year, the second win in as many years, and that year the girls' cross country team won the state title.Monticello High School won the VHSL Group AA state football title in 2007. Charlottesville High School's boys' soccer team were state champs again in 2019, when it won the VHSL Class 4A Championship.
Charlottesville is also home to theCharlottesville Tom Sox of theValley Baseball League who won the 2017 & 2019 league championships. Their home stadium is Crutchfield Park at Charlottesville High School. Charlottesville is also home to theCharlottesville Alliance FC, a soccer team who compete in the NPSL.
City Hall (2011)City Hall façade showing bas relief statues of James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe (2008)
Voters elect a five-member council to serve as the legislative and governing body. Elected through at-large districts, the members serve four-year terms. Every two years, they select a councilor to serve as mayor. The mayor presides over meetings, calls special meetings, makes some appointments to advisory boards, and serves as the ceremonial head of government. Charlottesville city is overwhelmingly Democratic.
In June 2025, Charlottesville City Council approved the first use of ranked-choice voting for its Democratic primary election, a change intended to increase electoral inclusiveness and reduce campaign negativity.[82]
The City Council appoints the City Manager, the Director of Finance, the City Assessor, the Clerk of the council, and members of major policy-making Boards and Commissions. The City Manager serves as the Chief Administrative Officer for the city.[83]
According to theofficial page the current city council are:
Charlottesville is one of the few Democratic bastions in heavily Republican central Virginia. It has swung particularly hard to the Democrats since the 1990s, in tandem with the growing Democratic trend in areas dominated by college towns. It has recently become one of the most Democratic out of all of Virginia's cities and counties, second only to Petersburg since 2016; in 2020 Joe Biden won the city with the highest percentage for a Democrat since 1912.
Charlottesville is served by theCharlottesville City Public Schools. The school system operates six elementary schools, Walker Upper Elementary School,Buford Middle School andCharlottesville High School. It operatedLane High School jointly with Albemarle County from 1940 to 1974, when it was replaced by Charlottesville High School.Jackson P. Burley High School, a segregated school for African American students, was in operation from 1951 to 1967 and served students from both the City of Charlottesville and Albemarle County. Burley High School was purchased by Albemarle County soon after it closed,[86] and reopened in 1974 as Jackson P. Burley Middle School.[87]
Charlottesville has a main daily newspaper,The Daily Progress. Weekly publications includeC-Ville Weekly, which also publishes quarterly, bi-annual, and yearly glossies such asAbode (home, garden, architecture),Knife & Fork (food, drink, restaurants),Unbound, (outdoor sports and recreation, environmental issues),Best of C-VILLE (readers' favorite restaurants, bars, shops, etc.),CBIZ (local business), andWeddings. Other magazines published locally includeBlue Ridge Outdoors,CharlottesvilleFamily Magazine andAlbemarle Magazine. A daily newspaper,The Cavalier Daily, is published by an independent student group at UVA. Additionally, the alternative newsmagazine of UVA,The Declaration, is printed every other week with new online content every week. The monthly newspaperEcho coversholistic health and related topics.Charlottesville Tomorrow, an online nonprofit news organization, covers land use, transportation, business and education. Other lifestyle publications includeThe Charlottesville Welcome Book, CharlottesvilleFamily'sBloom! Magazine,Wine & Country Life andWine & Country Weddings.
Charlottesville is served by major television networks through stationsWVIR/WVIR-CD 29 (NBC/CW on DT2),WHTJ 41 (PBS),WCAV 19 (CBS/FOX), andWVAW-LD 16 (ABC). News-talk radio in Charlottesville can be heard onWINA 1070 andWCHV 1260. Sports radio can be heard onWVAX 1450. Country can be heard onWKAV 1400.National Public Radio stations includeWMRA 103.5 FM andWVTF 89.7 FM. Commercial FM stations includeWQMZ Lite Rock Z95.1 (AC),WWWV (3WV) (classic rock) 97.5,WCYK (country) 99.7,WHTE (CHR) 101.9, WZGN (Generations) 102.3,WCNR (The Corner) 106.1 andWCHV-FM 107.5. Charlottesville community broadcasters includeWNRN-FM 91.9 andWTJU 91.1 (owned by the University of Virginia) radio and CPA-TV and Charlottesville's Own TV10 television stations.
The city hosts theCharlottesville Open Data Portal for sharing municipal data as well as community information which local businesses and nonprofit organizations provide.
Amtrak, the national passenger rail service, provides service to Charlottesville with three routes: TheCardinal (service between Chicago and New York City via central Virginia and Washington, D.C.), selectNortheast Regional trains (service between Boston and Roanoke) and theCrescent (service between New York City and New Orleans). TheCardinal operates three times a week, while theCrescent andNortheast Regional both run daily in both directions, but have different operating schedules on the weekdays and weekends.
Charlottesville was once a major rail hub, served by both theChesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) and theSouthern Railway. The first train service to Charlottesville began in the early 1850s by the Louisa Railroad Company, which became theVirginia Central Railroad before becoming the C&O. The Southern Railway started service to Charlottesville around the mid-1860s with a north–south route crossing the C&O east-west tracks. The new depot that sprang up at the crossing of the two tracks was called Union Station. In addition to the new rail line, The C&O and Southern located a major repair shop that produced competition between the two rail companies and bolstered the local economy. The Queen Charlotte Hotel went up on West Main street along with restaurants for the many new railroad workers.
The former C&O station on East Water Street was turned into offices in the mid-1990s.Charlottesville Union Station, still a functional depot for Amtrak, is located on West Main street between 7th and 9th streets where the tracks of the former C&O Railway (leased by C&O successorCSX toBuckingham Branch Railroad) and Southern (nowNorfolk Southern Railway) lines cross. Amtrak and the city of Charlottesville finished refurbishing the station just after 2000, upgrading the depot and adding a full-service restaurant. The Amtrak Crescent and northeast regional travels on Norfolk Southern's dual north–south tracks. The Amtrak Cardinal runs on the Buckingham Branch east-west single track, which followsU.S. Route 250 fromStaunton to a point east of Charlottesville nearCismont, Virginia. The eastbound Cardinal joins the northbound Norfolk Southern line atOrange, on its way to Washington, D.C.
Charlottesville also had an electric streetcar line, theCharlottesville and Albemarle Railway (C&A), that operated during the early twentieth century. Streetcar lines existed in Charlottesville since the late 1880s under various names until organized as the C&A in 1903. The C&A operated streetcars until 1935, when the line shut down due to rising costs and decreased ridership.
Between 1968 and 1984, Charlottesville was also the home ofAnna Anderson, best known for her false claims to beGrand Duchess Anastasia and lone survivor of the 1918 massacre ofNicholas II's royal family.
The city was also home of the Tibetan lamaTenzin Wangyal Rinpoche, but he and his family have since moved to California. His Ligmincha Institute headquarters, Serenity Ridge, is in nearbyShipman, Virginia.[91]
^Moore, John Hammond (1976).Albemarle: Jefferson's County, 1727 - 1976. Charlottesville: Albemarle County Historical Society & University Press of Virginia.ISBN0-8139-0645-8.
^Museum of African American Art (Santa Monica, Calif.); Hampton University (Va.) Museum (1998).The International Review of African American Art. Museum of African American Art. p. 23. RetrievedOctober 22, 2010.
^"Ninety-Two Acre Tract on Rugby Avenue Will Be Converted into Playground for whites. Second Tract, on Rose Hill, For Colored".Daily Progress. January 21, 1926.
^Rediscovering Jewish Infrastructure: Update on United States Nineteenth Century Synagogues, Mark W. Gordon, American Jewish History 84.1 (1996) 11–27[1].2019 article update.
^Reaves, Donna (September 5, 1974). "Charlottesville Society".Charlottesville-Albemarle Tribune.
^UVa's main grounds lie on the border of the City of Charlottesville and Albemarle County. Although maps may include this area within the city boundaries, most of it legally is in the county. Exceptions include the University Hospital, built in 1989 on land that remains part of the city. Detailed PDF maps are available at:"Space and Real Estate Management: GIS Mapping". University of Virginia. RetrievedApril 25, 2008. See also:Loper, George (July 2001)."Geographical Jurisdiction".Signs of the Times. Archived fromthe original on April 16, 2008. RetrievedApril 25, 2008.
^"CvilleRail".cvillerail.org.Archived from the original on March 18, 2008. RetrievedFebruary 24, 2008.
^"Route Map".TransDominion Express. The Committee to Advance The TransDominion Express.Archived from the original on July 27, 2010. RetrievedApril 5, 2010.
This list is incomplete. The Covenant School Hickory Campus, Charlottesville Catholic School, andTandem Friends School have Charlottesville, VA postal addresses but are in adjacent Albemarle County.
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