Charles II de Bourbon | |
|---|---|
| Archbishop of Lyon | |
 Portrait of Charles II byJean Hey,c. 1476–85 | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Lyon |
| Appointed | 14 November 1446 |
| Term ended | 13 September 1488 |
| Predecessor | Geoffroy de Versailles |
| Successor | Hugues II de Talaru |
| Other post | Cardinal priest of San Martino ai Monti |
| Orders | |
| Created cardinal | 15 January 1477 byPope Sixtus IV |
| Rank | Cardinal-priest |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1433 |
| Died | 13 September 1488(1488-09-13) (aged 54–55) |
| Coat of arms |  |
Charles II, Duke of Bourbon (Château deMoulins, 1433 – 13 September 1488,Lyon),[1] wasArchbishop of Lyon from an early age and a Frenchdiplomat under the rule ofLouis XI of France. He had a 2-week tenure asDuke of Bourbon in 1488, being ousted afterward by his younger brother and successor,Peter II, Duke of Bourbon.
Charles was the son ofCharles I, Duke of Bourbon, andAgnes of Burgundy.[2] Being a younger son, he was appointedCanon ofLyon in 1443 and, on 6 June 1444, elected Archbishop of Lyon at the age of 11.[3] This election followed the death ofAmedée de Talaru and the renunciation ofJohn III of Bourbon,illegitimate offspring of his grandfatherJohn I, Duke of Bourbon.[4] His office was confirmed byPope Eugene IV on 14 November 1446, after the death ofGeoffroy Vassal,Archbishop of Vienne who the pope had first appointed in disregard of thePragmatic Sanction in 1444.[5] Due to his age, Charles II's archiepiscopate was administered in succession byJean Rolin,bishop of Autun, from 1446 to 1447, Du Gué,bishop of Orléans, from 1447 to 1449, and John III of Bourbon,bishop of Puy, from 1449 to 1466.[6]
At that time, he still maintained a good relationship with the King of FranceLouis XI, showing greater gusto for navigating the intrigue of secular politics than displaying the piety expected of his religious position.[7] On account of these proclivities, after the conflict surrounding theLeague of the Public Weal in 1465, Louis XI sent Charles II withThibaud de Luxembourg,Bishop of Mans as ambassadors toPope Paul II, recently elected in 1464.[8] On 7 January 1469 Charles II signed a royalletters patent as the king's adviser, atPlessis-lèz-Tours, the latter's main residence nearTours.[9] As namesake, he was, along withJoan of Valois, Duchess of Bourbon andEdward of Westminster, godparent of theDauphinCharles VIII.[10] When Louis XI ended theHundred Years' War in 1475, the archbishop assisted him in diplomatic matters while the king lives with Charles II at the Notre-Dame-de-la-Victoire-lès-Senlis abbey nearSenlis. He arrives with Louis XI and his elder brotherJohn II of Bourbon on 19 August atPicquigny to sign theeponymous treaty.[11] Later, on 16 October, he signed in the abbey a letters patent to reestablish peaceable relations withFrancis II, Duke of Brittany.[12] Again, on 8 January 1476, as the head of theKing's Council, Charles II signs four letters patent, among them one concerning the liberty of theGallican Church at Château de Plessis-lèz-Tours.[13]
From 1472 to 1476, he was incumbent as thepapal legate atAvignon though he only arrived there on 23 November 1473.[14][15] On 23 May 1474Pope Sixtus IV appointed his nephewGiuliano della Rovere asbishop of Avignon, and 2 years later as legate.[15] This set Louis XI and the pope into conflict, with the royal army and papal troops coming to bear. On 15 June 1476,[16] to resolve this difficulty, the king welcomed Giuliano della Rovere at Lyon, so that Charles II accepted the loss of the Avignon legation.[15] This is the reason why, in 1476, he became the administrator of thediocese of Clermont and was made aCardinal bySixtus IV.
It seems that after leaving Avignon, Charles II followed again in the wake of Louis XI. The cardinal was present with the king atArras on 18 March 1477,[17] during the campaign following the death ofCharles the Bold. He was in 1486 the firstcommendatory abbot of the Priory Notre-Dame de La Charité-sur-Loire.
He was also a noted patron of the arts, lavishing money onLyon's cathedral: the Bourbon chapel there, which he sponsored from 1486 onward (it was continued after his death by his brother,Peter II of Bourbon) was described as "one of the marvels of decorative art in the 15th century".[18][19]
He was alsoDuke of Bourbon andAuvergne for a short period of time in April 1488, succeeding his elder brother,John II, when the latter died on 1 April. This prompted Charles II, as his brother's nearest heir, to claim the family inheritance in theBourbonnais andAuvergne. The move was not tolerated by his younger brother, Peter, and Peter's wife,Anne of France, the latter immediately taking possession of the Bourbon lands by force on 10 April. On 15 April, members of the King's Council sent by Anne to "console the Cardinal on the occasion of his brother's death", forced him to sign a renunciation of any claims to the Bourbon lands, in exchange for a financial settlement. Charles then died later in the same year in mysterious circumstances, following a sudden collapse in a private house in Lyons. His brief tenure of the title during the period 1 April – 15 April would, however, be posthumously confirmed in 1505, whenCharles de Montpensier acceded to the Duchy as Charles III.[20]
Charles had an illegitimate daughter, with Gabrielle Bartine, named Isabelle (d. 1497). She was legitimized by Charles VIII and later married Gilbert of Chantelot, lord of La Chaise (Monétay-sur-Allier).[19][20]
Charles II of Bourbon features inVictor Hugo's novelThe Hunchback of Notre-Dame (Chapter III:Monsieur the Cardinal). It evokes the titles and the parentage of Charles II in these words: "Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon, Archbishop and Comte of Lyon, Primate of the Gauls, was allied both to Louis XI, through his brother, Pierre, Seigneur de Beaujeu, who had married the king's eldest daughter, and to Charles the Bold through his mother, Agnes of Burgundy."[21]
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| French nobility | ||
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| Preceded by | Duke of Auvergne andBourbon Count of Forez andl'Isle-Jourdain April 1488 | Succeeded by |
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