Charles Howard | |
|---|---|
 The Earl of Carlisle. | |
| Member of Parliament forCumberland | |
| In office 1660–1661 Serving with Wilfrid Lawson | |
| Member of Parliament forCumberland | |
| In office 1654–1656 Serving with William Briscoe | |
| High Sheriff of Cumberland | |
| In office 1650 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1628 (1628) |
| Died | 24 February 1685 (aged 56–57) |
| Spouse | Anne Howard |
| Children | 6, includingEdward |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | Great Britain |
| Rank | Lieutenant-General |
| Commands | Blackheath Army |
| Conflicts | Battle of Worcester |
Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle (1628 – 24 February 1685) was an English military leader and politician who sat in theHouse of Commons at various times between 1653 and 1660 and was createdEarl of Carlisle in 1661.
Howard was the son and heir of Sir William Howard[1] ofNaworth inCumberland, by Mary, daughter ofWilliam Eure, 4th Baron Eure and great-grandson ofLord William Howard, "Belted Will" (1563–1640), the third son ofThomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk.[2] In 1645 he conformed to theChurch of England and supported the government of theCommonwealth, being appointedHigh Sheriff of Cumberland in 1650. He boughtCarlisle Castle and becamegovernor of the town. He distinguished himself at theBattle of Worcester onOliver Cromwell's side and made a member of the council of state in 1653, chosen captain of the protector's bodyguard and selected to carry out various public duties.[3] In 1653 he was nominated as Member of Parliament for theFour Northern Counties in theBarebones Parliament. He was elected MP forCumberland in 1654.[2]
In 1655 Howard was given a regiment, was appointed a commissioner to try the northern rebels, and a deputy major-general of Cumberland,Westmorland andNorthumberland. He was re-elected MP for Cumberland in 1656.[2] In 1657 he was included inCromwell's House of Lords and voted for the protector's assumption of the royal title the same year. In 1659 he urgedRichard Cromwell to defend his government by force against the army leaders, but his advice being refused he used his influence in favour of a restoration of the monarchy, and after Richard's fall he was imprisoned. In April 1660 he sat again in parliament for Cumberland, and at theRestoration was madecustos rotulorum andLord Lieutenant of Cumberland andLord Lieutenant of Westmorland.[3][2]
On 20 April 1661 Howard was createdBaron Dacre of Gillesland,Viscount Howard of Morpeth, andEarl of Carlisle; the same year he was madeVice-Admiral of Northumberland,Cumberland andDurham, and in 1662 joint commissioner for the office ofEarl Marshal. In 1663 he was appointed ambassador toRussia,Sweden andDenmark, and in 1668 he carried the Garter toCharles XI of Sweden.[3]
In 1667 Howard was madelieutenant-general of the forces and joint commander-in-chief of the four northernmost counties. In 1672 he became one of the commissioners for the office ofLord Lieutenant of Durham, and in 1673 deputy earl marshal.[3] He commanded a regiment in the fresh-raisedBlackheath Army of 1673, which was intended to see action against the Dutch. Following theTreaty of Westminster the regiment was disbanded.[citation needed]
In 1678 he was appointed governor ofJamaica, but his instructions to introducePoynings' Law to the island were successfully opposed by planters elected to theJamaican Assembly. Calling the elected members "fools, asses, beggars and cowards", the governor arrested their leaders,William Beeston (governor) and Samuel Long, father of Jamaican planter-historianEdward Long. However, when they were deported back to England, Beeston and Long successfully argued their case, and the governor's instructions were cancelled.[4] He was reappointed governor of Carlisle. He died in 1685, and was buried inYork Minster.
He married Anne (died 1696), daughter ofEdward Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Escrick and great-granddaughter ofThomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, by whom he had six children:
Colonel Thomas Howard (died 1678), notorious for the 1662duel where he leftHenry Jermyn, 1st Baron Dover for dead (they were rivals for the affections ofAnna Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury), was his younger brother. He was pardoned and soon afterwards married as her third husbandMary Stewart, Duchess of Richmond.[5]
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Carlisle, Earls of".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 340.| Parliament of England | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Not represented inBarebones Parliament | Member of Parliament forCumberland 1654–1656 With:William Briscoe | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Member of Parliament forCumberland 1660–1661 With:Sir Wilfrid Lawson | Succeeded by |
| Honorary titles | ||
| English Interregnum | Lord Lieutenant of Cumberland andWestmorland 1660–1685 | Succeeded by |
| Custos Rotulorum of Cumberland 1660–1685 | ||
| Vice-Admiral of Cumberland andWestmorland 1661–1685 | Succeeded by | |
| Vice-Admiral of Durham andNorthumberland 1661–1685 | Vacant Title next held by The Earl of Mulgrave | |
| Government offices | ||
| Preceded by SirHenry Morgan,acting | Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica 1678–1680 | Succeeded by SirHenry Morgan,acting |
| Peerage of England | ||
| New title | Earl of Carlisle 1661–1685 | Succeeded by |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
