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Pierre Charles François Dupin | |
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| Born | (1784-10-06)6 October 1784 Varzy, France |
| Died | 18 January 1873(1873-01-18) (aged 88) Paris, France |
| Known for | Choropleth map Dupin cyclide Dupin hypersurface Dupin indicatrix Dupin's theorem Malus-Dupin theorem |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Mathematics Engineering Economics |
BaronPierre Charles François Dupin (French pronunciation:[pjɛʁʃaʁlfʁɑ̃swadypɛ̃]; 6 October 1784,Varzy,Nièvre – 18 January 1873,Paris,France) was a FrenchCatholicmathematician, engineer, economist[1] and politician, particularly known for work in the field of mathematics, where theDupin cyclide andDupin indicatrix are named after him; and for his work in the field of statistical andthematic mapping.[2] In 1826 he created the earliest knownchoropleth map.[3]
He was born inVarzy in France, the son of Charles Andre Dupin, a lawyer, and Catherine Agnes Dupin.[4] His elder brother isAndré Marie Jean Jacques Dupin.
Dupin studiedgeometry withMonge at theÉcole Polytechnique and then became a naval engineer (ENSTA). His mathematical work was indescriptive anddifferential geometry. He was the discoverer ofconjugate tangents to a point on a surface and of theDupin indicatrix.[5]Dupin participated in the Greek science revival by teaching mathematics and mechanics lessons inCorfu in 1808. One of his students wasGiovanni Carandino, who would go on to be the founder of the Greek Mathematics School in the 1820s.
From 1807 Dupin was responsible for the restoration of the damaged port and arsenal atCorfu. He founded theToulon Maritime Museum in 1813.
In 1818, Dupin was elected to the body of theFrench Academy of Sciences, one of theInstitut de France's five Academies.[6]
He was appointed professor at theConservatoire des Arts et Métiers in 1819; he kept this post until 1854. In 1822, Dupin was elected a foreign member of theRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was made a baron in 1824.In 1826 he published athematic map showing the distribution ofilliteracy in France, using shadings (from black to white), the first known instance of what is called achoropleth map today.[3] Dupin had been inspired by the work of the German statisticiansGeorg Hassel andAugust Friedrich Wilhelm Crome.[2]Dupin was named rapporteur for the central jury of theExposition des produits de l'industrie française en 1834.For each branch of industry he noted the quantities and value of French exports and imports, with comparative figures for 1823, 1827 and 1834.[7]
Dupin also had a political career and was appointed to the Senate in 1852.[6]
Volumes 1 & 2: Military force. Constitution of the army. Studies & works [ archive ] .
Volumes 3 & 4: Naval force. Constitution of the navy . Studies & works.
Volumes 5 & 6: Commercial force (public works and associations section). Public roads, squares, streets, roads, canals, bridges and highways, coasts and seaports.
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