Sir Charles FitzRoy | |
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| 11th Governor of Prince Edward Island | |
| In office 31 March 1837 – 2 November 1841 | |
| Monarchs | William IV Victoria |
| Preceded by | John Harvey |
| Succeeded by | George Wright |
| 10th Governor of New South Wales | |
| In office 2 August 1846 – 28 January 1855 | |
| Monarch | Victoria |
| Preceded by | George Gipps |
| Succeeded by | William Denison |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1796-06-10)10 June 1796 |
| Died | 16 February 1858(1858-02-16) (aged 61) |
| Spouse(s) | Lady Mary Lennox (1820–1847) Margaret Gordon (1855–1858) |
| Relations | 3rd Duke of Grafton (grandfather) Robert FitzRoy (brother) |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | British Army |
| Years of service | 1812–1825 |
| Rank | Lieutenant-colonel |
| Unit | Royal Horse Guards |
| Battles/wars | |
Lieutenant-ColonelSir Charles Augustus FitzRoy (10 June 1796 – 16 February 1858) was aBritish Army officer, politician and colonial administrator who held governorships in several British colonies during the 19th century.
Charles was born in Derbyshire,England, the eldest son ofGeneral Lord Charles FitzRoy and Frances Mundy. His grandfather,Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, was theprime minister of Great Britain from 1768 to 1770. He was notably a sixth-generation descendant ofKing Charles II and the1st Duchess of Cleveland; the surname FitzRoy stems from this illegitimacy.
Charles' half-brotherRobert FitzRoy would become a pioneeringmeteorologist andsurveyor, Captain ofHMSBeagle, and laterGovernor of New Zealand.
Charles FitzRoy was educated atHarrow School inLondon, before receiving a commission in theRoyal Horse Guards regiment of theBritish Army at the age of 16. Just after his 19th birthday, FitzRoy's regiment took part in theBattle of Waterloo, where as an extraaide-de-camp onWellington's staff he was wounded.[1] He travelled toLower Canada with theDuke of Richmond in 1818. On 11 March 1820, he married Lady Mary Lennox (daughter of the Duke of Richmond), just after his promotion tocaptain. In 1825, he was promoted to the rank oflieutenant-colonel and appointed deputyadjutant general of theCape Colony (now theCape of Good Hope).
Sir Charles was appointed as the eleventh Governor ofPrince Edward Island off the coast ofCanada on 31 March 1837, and was granted aknighthood just before his departure. He returned to England in 1841 and shortly afterwards was made Governor of theLeeward Islands in theWest Indies until 1845.
Sir Charles was chosen as the tenthGovernor of the colony ofNew South Wales byLord Stanley in 1845. FitzRoy replaced SirGeorge Gipps as governor who had been a strong ruler but had provoked the animosity of many in the colony. It is likely that FitzRoy was chosen because he tended to be more appeasing in his approach. FitzRoy, his wife and his son George arrived in the colony on boardHMS Carysfort on 2 August 1846. Soon after his arrival he was asked to use his influence to procure the disallowance of an act of the Tasmanian legislature imposing a duty of 15% on products imported from New South Wales.
Fitzroy brought before the British government the advisability of some superior functionary being appointed, to whom all measures passed by local legislatures should be referred before being assented to. In the long discussion over the separation of thePort Phillip district, Fitzroy showed tact and himself favoured bi-cameral legislatures for the new constitutions. The need for some type of federation between the various colonies was recognised, and as a step towards this Fitzroy was given a commission in 1850 appointing him governor-general of the Australian colonies. During his governorship great steps were made in the development of New South Wales.Transportation of convicts ceased, theSydney University was founded, a branch of the royal mint was established and responsible government was granted.[2]In 1847, Fitzroy served briefly as Governor of the Colony ofNorth Australia, although his lieutenant-governor,George Barney had the main responsibility for establishing the new colony under FitzRoy's direction. His decision in 1847 to allow the building of a horse racing track in Parramatta was the catalyst for the creation of Cumberland Oval, a venue which hosted racing, cricket, and in the 20th century, motorsports, and was the location thatParramatta Stadium and further on theWestern Sydney Stadium were built upon.
After sixteen months in the colony, Sir Charles' wife Mary was killed in a coach accident on 7 December 1847.[3] A distraught FitzRoy considered resigning and returning to England, but his finances did not permit it.[4] A memorial to Lady Mary FitzRoy is inSt James' Church, Sydney.[3]
In 1850, Governor FitzRoy received the gold miner and entrepreneur,Edward Hargraves after he had discovered traces of gold at Ophir, New South Wales.[5]
In 1851 he namedGrafton, New South Wales, after his grandfatherAugustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton.
Sir Charles remained in New South Wales for eight eventful years, which saw many changes take place in theAustralian colonies, not in the least being the first tentative steps towardsFederation of the Australian states. In 1853, FitzRoy was appointed as Governor ofVan Diemen's Land,South Australia andVictoria—a pre-FederationGovernor-General of Australia, with wide-ranging powers to intervene in inter-colonial disputes.[2][6][4]
On 28 January 1855 he departed Australia and returned to England. On 11 September, his eldest son Augustus (a Captain in theRoyal Regiment of Artillery) was killed in theCrimean War. On 11 December, he married Margaret Gordon (widow of aMelbourne land agent).
FitzRoy died in Piccadilly, London on 16 February 1858 at the age of 61.
Sir Charles Augustus FitzRoy married, firstly, Lady Mary Lennox (15 August 1790 – 7 December 1847), first-born child ofCharles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond, on 11 March 1820. They had four children:[7]
Lady Mary died from a carriage accident in Parramatta Park, outside Government House, in 1847. Within a year of her death, rumours were circulated about the colony of New South Wales about FitzRoy's 'womanising' ways. In 1850, FitzRoy made a visit to Berrima, to inspect theFitzroy Iron Works. The Governor stayed at the Surveyor General's Inn, operated by former boxing champion Edward "Ned" Chalker (sometimes Charker). Ned's step-daughter, Mary Ann Chalker, who was 18 at the time, worked there. Nine months later, she gave birth to a son, named Charles Augustus FitzRoy, after his father, the Governor.[8] This boy was later adopted by ex-convict John Fitzsimons and his family.
Sir Charles Augustus FitzRoy married, secondly (after his return to England), Margaret Gordon, on 11 December 1855. There was no issue from this marriage.
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
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| Preceded by | Member of Parliament for Bury St Edmunds 1831–1832 With:Earl Jermyn | Succeeded by |
| Government offices | ||
| Preceded by | Governor of Prince Edward Island 1837–1841 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Governor of Antigua 1842–1846 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Governor of New South Wales 1846–1855 | Succeeded by |
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