A picture of courtesans playing achankoro game inOkinawa prefecture (Iha Fuyū, 1893). The slur is used to stress the subjugated position of Okinawan women[1]
In the English subtitles of the multilingual Chinese movieDevils on the Doorstep, the term is mostly translated as "Chinese pig(s)"" or "mongrel(s)".[4]
AfterJapan annexed Korea, the Japanese wordchankoro entered the Korean language asjjangkkolla (Korean: 짱꼴라), which evolved into the currentjjangkkae [ko] (Korean: 짱깨), andjjangkkae has become a representative derogatory term for Chinese people in Korea.[8]
Tahmasbi, Fatemeh; Schild, Leonard; Ling, Chen; Blackburn, Jeremy; Stringhini, Gianluca; Zhang, Yang; Zannettou, Savvas (2021-04-19)."Go eat a bat, Chang!": On the Emergence of Sinophobic Behavior on Web Communities in the Face of COVID-19. ACM.arXiv:2004.04046.doi:10.1145/3442381.3450024.ISBN978-1-4503-8312-7.
