Changdev Maharaj | |
|---|---|
 The siblings Muktabai, Sopan, Dnyaneshwar and Nivruttinath seated on the moving wall, Changdev seated on a tiger. In the centre, Changdev bows to Dnyaneshwar | |
| Honors | Maharaj in Marathi |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Hinduism |
Changdev Maharaj (also commonly referenced in ancient texts asChanga Deva,Changadeva, or simplyChanga) was amysticalyogi turned saint who is believed to have lived in the village of Vateshwar along the banks of theTapti River for 1,400 years.[1] Per popular belief, Changdev Maharaj achievedBhutaSiddhi (control over theclassical elements) based on his yogic powers and used these powers to perform various supernatural acts.[2] Even though Changdev Maharaj himself is believed to have had held godly status and followers, his current following is mostly amongstVarkaris due to his association withDnyaneshwar andMuktabai.[3]
Temples dedicated to Changdev Maharaj are today mostly found in the state ofMaharashtra. References to his yogic and Tantric acts can be found in various literate related to yogic and Tantric streams as well as Buddhist folklore. The word Changa itself means good, and is also the name of a particular ShivaJyotirlinga and the deityBhairava.[4]
In the present day, the village ofChangdev 12 kilometers away from Muktainagar District Jalgaon which is located where River Purna joins river Tapi, where Changdev Maharaj is believed to have lived for 1,400 years, houses an old temple dedicated to him. It is believed that the temple is about 3,000 years old. It is currently anASI protected monument.[5]
The present dayPuntamba, a village along the banks of theGodavari River inMaharashtra, is believed to be the 14th and final resting place for Changdev Maharaj. The village has a mid-17th-century temple which houses the samadhi of Changdev Maharaj.[3]
Narayanpur, a village to the south ofPune at the foothills ofPurandar fort is believed be the native village of Changdev. It is believed that this ancient village, referred to asPur during theYadava Dynasty's rule, was a prosperous town. At present, it houses a 700+ year-oldNarayan temple. The temple, which isHemadpanti style, has inscriptions on its wall which preach teachings of Changdev Maharaj.[6][7]
Even though not a temple by itself, the masonry wall used byDnyaneshwar as a steed to visit Changdev (see below) is a sacred monument and is worshipped by the Varkaris visiting the holy city ofAlandi.[8]
Changdev is most commonly known today due to his popular first encounter withDnyaneshwar, also known as Dnyanadev. As the story goes, when the four siblings ofNivruttinath −Dnyaneshwar,Sopan, andMuktai − achieved glory, Changdev Maharaj wanted to test them, and hence sent them a blank note. When the siblings received this note, they laughed at the gesture and, on Nivritti’s asking, Dnyaneshwar wrote 65 verses which were the quintessence of Vedanta on it. When the paper reached Changdev Maharaj, he had difficulty understanding what was written, and decided to meet the siblings to show them his yogic powers in person. For this visit he chose to ride on back of a tiger, wielding a poisonous cobra as a whip. When the siblings, then sitting on a masonry wall, saw the procession of Changdev Maharaj and thousands of his devotees walking toward their house, they decided to break his pride by humiliating him. They patted on the wall and it rose up to fly in the air. This use of an inanimate wall as a vehicle amazed everyone present. Changdev realized the greatness of these children. He became one of their disciples and overcame his pride and ego.[9] These verses sent by Dnyaneshwar later became known asChangdev Pasashti (Pasast means 65 in Marathi) and are one of the holy scriptures amongst followers of Dnyaneshwar.
Muktai, the sister ofDnyaneshwar, is believed to be the spiritual guide of Changdev Maharaj. As the legend goes, once Muktai and her brothers were sitting in theashram when Changdev happened to pass by. Muktai was of course fully clad, but she appeared to Changdev as unclad and at once he turned away. Muktai then told him that he was not perfect as he still had a complex of sex and shame, and did not see God in every being. These words of Muktai had great effect on him and he eradicated this weakness through intensesadhana. Changdev wished to make Dnyanadev his guru, but Dnyanadev said that Muktai was the right spiritual guru instead of himself. From this point on, Changdev took Muktai as his spiritual guide, and many references to Muktai can be found in theAbhangs that he wrote.
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