| Chang Tang National Nature Reserve | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Map showing the Changtang Nature Reserve | |
| Location |  China |
| Coordinates | 30°N88°E / 30°N 88°E /30; 88 |
| Area | 334,000 km2 (128,958 mi2) |
| Established | 1993 |
Chang Tang National Nature Reserve (Chinese:羌塘国家级自然保护区) lies in the northernTibetan Plateau. It is the third-largest landnature reserve in the world, after theNortheast Greenland National Park andKavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area, with an area of over 334,000 km2 (129,000 sq mi),[1][2] making it bigger than183 countries. Administratively, it lies inXainza County andBiru County of theNagqu Prefecture. With the more recently established adjoining reserves listed below there is now a total of 496,000 km2 (191,507 sq. miles) of connected Nature Reserves, which represents an area almost as large asSpain and bigger than197 other countries.
With assistance from the internationally renowned animal behaviourist and naturalist,George Schaller, the Chang Tang Nature Reserve was originally established by the government ofTibet Autonomous Region in 1993 to protect its fragile ecosystem. The reserve spans the vast and sparsely inhabited northern TibetanChangtang plateau. The reserve had since been expanded over time. It was upgraded to a "National Protected Area" in April 2000 by the Chinese Government. It is currently listed as an IUCN Category: VI - Managed Resource Protected Area.[2]
TheChangtang (Tibetan for "Northern plain") is a massive high-altitude plateau stretching fromLadakh in India, across northern Tibet intoQinghai Province, and north into the Nanshan mountains ofXinjiang Province. The Chang Tang Nature Reserve includes most of the Chinese portion of the plateau.
As the highest nature reserve in the world, the Chang Tang has an average altitude over 4,800 metres (16,000 feet) with "high rolling hills, and plains interspersed by mountains over 20,000 feet [6,000 metres] high." It is extremely cold in winter with temperatures dropping to minus 40 degrees at night. Travel is easier in the winter because summer can be very wet and vehicles get bogged easily.[3]
New reserves bordering the Chang Tang Nature Reserve have been added in recent years:
In addition, there are two more proposed reserves on the borders of the Chang Tang Nature Reserve: to the south of the Kekexili Reserve, and to the west of the Mid-Kunlun Reserve. If these proposed new reserves are established, the vast majority of the range of theChiru, and almost all the spring migration routes of the female Chiru will be protected.[5]
It is home to only a few Tibetannomads and various park staff hired to prevent poaching.
Here are some of the last remaining herds of wildungulates:Wild yak (Bos mutus), Tibetan wild ass orkiang (Equus kiang),Himalayan blue sheep or Bharal (Pseudois nayaur),Argali (Ovis ammon),Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata) andTibetan antelope orchiru (Pantholops hodgsonii). Chiru wool is considered the finest known, and is smuggled, especially toKashmir, India where it is woven intoshahtoosh shawls.Predators includesnow leopards (Panthera uncia orUncia uncia),Tibetan wolves (Canis lupus filchneri),Turkestan lynx (Lynx lynx isabellinus) andTibetan blue bears (Ursus arctos pruinosus). At the bottom end of the food chain are large numbers ofpika (Ochotona spp.).[6]
The vegetation is open shrubland and grasslands mainly dominated byStipa grasses andKobresia species ("bog sedges").[2]
