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Chamdo

Coordinates:31°08′35″N97°10′12″E / 31.143°N 97.170°E /31.143; 97.170
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Changdu" redirects here; not to be confused withChengdu.
"Qamdo" redirects here. For other uses, seeChamdo (disambiguation).
This article is about the city known as Chamdo. For the town, seeChengguan, Chamdo. For the county formerly known as Chamdo, seeKaruo District.
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Prefecture-level city in Tibet, People's Republic of China
Qamdo
昌都市
ཆབ་མདོ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།
Mekong River to the south of Chamdo Town
Mekong River to the south of Chamdo Town
Location of Qamdo Prefecture within China
Location of Qamdo Prefecture within China
Coordinates (Qamdo municipal government):31°08′35″N97°10′12″E / 31.143°N 97.170°E /31.143; 97.170
CountryPeople's Republic of China
Autonomous regionTibet
County-level divisions
  • 1 district
  • 10 counties
Prefecture seatKarub District (Chengguan)
Area
 • Total
110,154 km2 (42,531 sq mi)
Elevation
3,240 m (10,630 ft)
Population
 (2019)
 • Total
798,067
 • Density7.24501/km2 (18.7645/sq mi)
GDP[1]
 • TotalCN¥ 27.9 billion
US$ 4.3 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 36,574
US$ 5,668
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
ISO 3166 codeCN-XZ-03
Qamdo
"Qamdo" in Chinese characters
Chinese name
Chinese昌都
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinChāngdū
Tibetan name
Tibetanཆབ་མདོ།
Transcriptions
Wyliechab mdo
Tibetan PinyinQamdo

Chamdo, officiallyQamdo[2][3] (Tibetan:ཆབ་མདོ,Wylie:chab mdo,ZWPY:qamdo) and also known in Chinese asChangdu (Chinese:昌都;pinyin:Chang Du),[4] is aprefecture-level city in the eastern part of theTibet Autonomous Region, China. Its seat is the town ofChengguan inKaruo District. Chamdo is Tibet's third largest city afterLhasa andShigatse.[5]

Chamdo is divided into 11 county-level divisions: one district and ten counties. The main district is Karuo District. Other counties include Jonda County, Gonjo County, Riwoche County, Dengqen County, Zhag'yab County, Baxoi County, Zognang County, Maarkam County, Lhorong County, and Banbar County.

History

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Wang Qimei and Zhang Guohua led 40,000People's Liberation Army soldiers in anattack against the 8,000 soldiers of theTibetan Army defending Chamdo on 7 October 1950. Over 5,700 Tibetans died after fighting 21 battles by 19 October, and Provincial GovernorNgapoi Ngawang Jigme was captured.[6] The fall of Chamdo resulted in the Tibetan government submitting to China's demands.[7]

On 11 July 2014 Chamdo Prefecture was upgraded into aprefecture-level city.[8]

Languages

[edit]

Languages spoken in Chamdo includeKhams Tibetan and theChamdo languages ofLamo,Larong, andDrag-yab.[9]

Transportation

[edit]

From 1951 to 1954, the Chinese army constructed a 2,300 kilometre long highway fromYa'an to Lhasa that went through Chamdo.[10]

Subdivisions

[edit]
Aerial view ofBanbar County, Chamdo.

The city is subdivided into 11county-level divisions: 1district and 10counties.

Map
NameHanziHanyu PinyinTibetanWyliePopulation(2010 Census)Area (km2)Density (/km2)
Karuo District卡若区Kǎruò Qūམཁར་རོ་ཆུས།mkhar ro chus116,50010,79410.79
Jomda County江达县Jiāngdá Xiànའཇོ་མདའ་རྫོང་།'jo mda' rdzong76,02613,1645.77
Gonjo County贡觉县Gòngjué Xiànགོ་འཇོ་རྫོང་།go 'jo rdzong40,4346,3236.39
Riwoqê County类乌齐县Lèiwūqí Xiànརི་བོ་ཆེ་རྫོང་།ri bo che rdzong49,8706,3557.84
Dêngqên County丁青县Dīngqīng Xiànསྟེང་ཆེན་རྫོང་།steng chen rdzong69,88812,4085.63
Zhag'yab County察雅县Cháyǎ Xiànབྲག་གཡབ་རྫོང་།brag g-yab rdzong56,7898,2516.88
Baxoi County八宿县Bāsù Xiànདཔའ་ཤོད་རྫོང་།dpa' shod rdzong39,02112,3363.16
Zogang County左贡县Zuǒgòng Xiànམཛོ་སྒང་རྫོང་།mdzo sgang rdzong44,32011,8373.74
Markam County芒康县Mángkāng Xiànསྨར་ཁམས་རྫོང་།smar khams rdzong81,39911,5767.03
Lhorong County洛隆县Luòlóng Xiànལྷོ་རོང་རྫོང་།lho rong rdzong47,4918,0485.90
Banbar County边坝县Biānbà Xiànདཔལ་འབར་རྫོང་།dpal 'bar rdzong35,7678,7744.07

Climate

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Chamdo has ahumid continental climate (Köppen:Dwb) in the Karub District and an alpinesubarctic climate (Köppen:Dwc) in other counties.

Climate data for Chamdo (Karuo District), elevation 3,315 m (10,876 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)21.8
(71.2)		21.4
(70.5)		26.1
(79.0)		28.1
(82.6)		29.5
(85.1)		32.7
(90.9)		32.0
(89.6)		30.8
(87.4)		30.5
(86.9)		27.7
(81.9)		22.3
(72.1)		20.2
(68.4)		32.7
(90.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)8.8
(47.8)		10.7
(51.3)		13.5
(56.3)		16.9
(62.4)		21.0
(69.8)		23.8
(74.8)		24.3
(75.7)		23.9
(75.0)		21.9
(71.4)		17.5
(63.5)		13.2
(55.8)		10.0
(50.0)		17.1
(62.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)−1.5
(29.3)		1.4
(34.5)		4.8
(40.6)		8.3
(46.9)		12.4
(54.3)		15.6
(60.1)		16.4
(61.5)		15.8
(60.4)		13.4
(56.1)		8.4
(47.1)		2.8
(37.0)		−1.1
(30.0)		8.1
(46.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−9.4
(15.1)		−6.4
(20.5)		−2.3
(27.9)		1.7
(35.1)		5.7
(42.3)		9.5
(49.1)		10.9
(51.6)		10.3
(50.5)		7.7
(45.9)		2.1
(35.8)		−4.6
(23.7)		−8.9
(16.0)		1.4
(34.5)
Record low °C (°F)−19.4
(−2.9)		−17.4
(0.7)		−13.0
(8.6)		−7.7
(18.1)		−4.0
(24.8)		1.1
(34.0)		2.9
(37.2)		1.1
(34.0)		−0.9
(30.4)		−7.0
(19.4)		−13.6
(7.5)		−20.7
(−5.3)		−20.7
(−5.3)
Averageprecipitation mm (inches)1.6
(0.06)		4.0
(0.16)		10.5
(0.41)		23.9
(0.94)		42.2
(1.66)		80.7
(3.18)		110.7
(4.36)		102.8
(4.05)		75.2
(2.96)		33.1
(1.30)		4.8
(0.19)		1.3
(0.05)		490.8
(19.32)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm)2.23.66.311.313.518.619.918.917.09.82.91.3125.3
Average snowy days3.97.311.06.90.60.1000.12.94.82.940.5
Averagerelative humidity (%)34354047495865666658453750
Mean monthlysunshine hours204.1184.8202.9201.4215.1188.9190.2192.6192.4199.0205.0212.32,388.7
Percentagepossible sunshine63595452504544475357656855
Source:China Meteorological Administration[11][12]

See also

[edit]

References

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  1. ^"2021年昌都市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (in Chinese). 11 May 2022. Retrieved12 May 2021.
  2. ^国家测绘局地名研究所 [National Surveying Bureau Place Names Research Institute] (1997).中国地名录 [Gazetteer of China]. Beijing:SinoMaps Press. p. 27.ISBN 7-5031-1718-4.
  3. ^"New city to be established in China's Tibet".The State Council of the People's Republic of China. Xinhua. Archived fromthe original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved9 August 2017.
  4. ^Powers, John (2016). "Appendix B".The Buddha Party: How the People's Republic of China Works to Define and Control Tibetan Buddhism (1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN 9780199358151.PINYIN= Changdu Zhen
  5. ^Buckley and Straus 1986, p. 215.
  6. ^Library of Tibetan Works and Archives 2011, p. 29.
  7. ^Goldstein 1991, p. 59.
  8. ^Yang, Shoude.西藏东部昌都地区将撤地设市 已获国务院批复.Xinhua Qinghai (in Chinese (China)). Archived fromthe original on 6 November 2014. Retrieved5 November 2014.
  9. ^Tashi Nyima; Hiroyuki Suzuki (2019). "Newly recognised languages in Chamdo: Geography, culture, history, and language".Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area.42 (1):38–81.doi:10.1075/ltba.18004.nyi.ISSN 0731-3500.
  10. ^Ginsburgs & Mathos 1960, p. 102.
  11. ^中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved27 August 2023.
  12. ^中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved27 August 2023.

Works cited

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External links

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