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Party of the Revolution Chama Cha Mapinduzi | |
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| Abbreviation | CCM |
| Chairperson | Samia Suluhu |
| Secretary-General | Asha-Rose Migiro |
| Spokesperson | Kenan Kihongosi |
| Vice Chairman for the Mainland | Stephen Masato Wassira |
| Vice Chairman for the Islands | Hussein Mwinyi |
| Founder | Julius Nyerere Aboud Jumbe |
| Founded | 5 February 1977 (48 years, 291 days) |
| Merger of | TANU andASP |
| Headquarters | Dodoma |
| Newspaper | Uhuru |
| Think tank | UONGOZI Institute |
| Student wing | Seneti ya Vyuo na Vyuo Vikuu Tanzania |
| Youth wing | Umoja wa Vijana wa CCM – UVCCM |
| Women's wing | Umoja wa Wanawake Tanzania – UWT |
| Parents' wing | Chama Cha Wazazi Tanzania – CWT |
| Farmer's wing | Wakulima |
| Worker's Union wing | Wafanyakazi |
| Membership(2022) | 12,000,000[1] |
| Ideology |
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| Political position | Centre-left[5] Historical: Left-wing[3] |
| International affiliation | Progressive Alliance |
| African affiliation | FLMSA |
| Colours | Green Yellow |
| Slogan | Ujamaa na Kujitegemea ('Socialism and Independence') CCM Oyee! ('CCM Hey!') |
| Bunge | 365 / 393 |
| Zanzibar HoR | 84 / 88 |
| EALA | 7 / 9 |
| SADC PF | 4 / 5 |
| Pan-African Parliament | 4 / 5 |
| Election symbol | |
| Ahoe and ahammer | |
| Party flag | |
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| Website | |
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TheChama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM,lit. 'Party of the Revolution') is thedominant,rulingparty inTanzania. It was formed in 1977 from a merger between theTanganyika African National Union (TANU) and theAfro-Shirazi Party (ASP), which were the sole operating parties in mainland Tanzania and the semi-autonomous islands ofZanzibar, respectively. It has formed themajority government in Tanzania ever since, making it the second-longest ruling party in thehistory of Africa, only after theTrue Whig Party ofLiberia.[6][7]
TANU and its successor CCM have ruled Tanzania uninterruptedly since independence. The party has been described asauthoritarian. Although opposition parties have been legal since 1992, the CCM rules the country as a virtualone-party state.[8] Since the creation of a multi-party system, CCM has won the past seven general elections in1995,2000,2005,2010,2015,2020, and2025.Jakaya Kikwete, its presidential candidate in 2005, won by alandslide, receiving more than 80% of the popular vote andJohn Magufuli as a candidate in 2020 garnered over 84% of the vote. In the 2020 election, the CCM won 256 of the 264[9]constituencies, continuing to hold an outright majority in theNational Assembly.
The party was created on 5 February 1977, under the leadership ofJulius Kambarage Nyerere, the Founding Father of Tanzania (then Tanganyika) through the merger of theTanganyika African National Union (TANU), the ruling party inTanganyika, and theAfro-Shirazi Party (ASP), the ruling party inZanzibar.
TANU/CCM has dominated thepolitics of Tanzania since the independence of Tanganyika in 1961. Due to the merger with the ASP, from 1977 it has also been the ruling party in Zanzibar, though there its grip on power has been more contested since the mid 1990s by theCivic United Front (CUF) which was later superseded in dominance on the islands by theAlliance for Change and Transparency (ACT).
From its formation in 1977 until 1992, it was the only legally permitted party in the country. Every five years, its national chairman was automatically elected to a five-year term as president; he was confirmed in office via a referendum. At the same time, voters were presented with two CCM candidates for theNational Assembly or Bunge. This changed on 1 July 1992, when amendments to the Constitution and a number of laws permitting and regulating the formation and operations of more than one political party were enacted by the National Assembly.
The CCM's Zanzibar branch (the former ASP) has historically been significantly more authoritarian than its mainland counterpart, a situation that has remained the case even after opposition parties were legalized in 1992.[10]
Originally a champion ofAfrican socialism, upholder of the system ofcollectivized agriculture known asUjamaa and firmly oriented to the left, today the CCM espouses a moremixed economic approach. CCM hopes to continue to modernize in order to ensure:
Similarly, the CCM's major foreign policy focus is economic diplomacy within the international system, and peaceful coexistence with neighbors.
The CCM has a leading role in society, and had held power even after opposition parties were legalized. Empirical analysis has shown that a sense of nostalgia for a party which brought independence, and which has maintained relative peace is a major cause of the CCM's support base; age had no significant determinant on loyalty to the CCM. The party has strong support from subsistence farmers.[11]
The party has won all presidentialelections at both the national level and in Zanzibar at the autonomous level under the multi-party system: 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, and 2025. Its candidate has only dropped below 60 percent once, in 2015. It also dominates the legislature, maintaining a supermajority even in the multiparty era.
In the elections for Zanzibar'spresidency andHouse of Representatives, held on 30 October 2005, incumbent president and CCM candidateAmani Abeid Karume won with 53% of the vote, while the party won 30 seats out of 50.
In the national elections for Tanzania'spresidency andNational Assembly, held on 14 December 2005, Foreign Minister and CCM candidateJakaya Kikwete won with 80.28% of the vote. Out of the 232seats filled through direct election, the CCM won 206.
On 31 October 2010, Jakaya Kikwete was reelected president with 61% of the vote,[12] while CCM obtained 186 out of the 239 directly elected seats.
CCM was admitted into theSocialist International as a full member at the SI's spring congress on 4–5 February 2013.[13]
On 30 October 2015John Magufuli of CCM won the election with 58% of the vote, to date the lowest vote share claimed by the CCM or its predecessors.
In the2020 Tanzanian general election, incumbent president and CCM nominee for president John Magufuli secured reelection with over 84% of the vote, making it the party's largest victory ever since the multi-party system was introduced in 1992. However, the election was held in the midst of significant democratic backsliding and repression, as Magufuli's presidency was characterized by unprecedented attacks on the opposition, civil society and press.[14]
Samia Suluhu Hassan is the current Chairperson of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi following the death of John Pombe Magufuli, the former Chairman and President of United Republic of Tanzania.
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| Name | Tenure |
|---|---|
| Julius Nyerere | 1977–1990 |
| Ali Hassan Mwinyi | 1990-1996 |
| Benjamin Mkapa | 1996–2006 |
| Jakaya Kikwete | 2006–2016 |
| John Magufuli | 2016–2021 |
| Samia Suluhu | 2021–present |
| Name | Tenure |
|---|---|
| John Malecela | |
| Pius Msekwa | 2007–2012 |
| Philip Mangula | 2012–2022 |
| Abdulrahman Omar Kinana | 2022–2025 |
| Stephen Wasira | 2025 – present |
| Name | Tenure |
|---|---|
| Salmin Amour | |
| Amani Abeid Karume | ? – 2012 |
| Ali Mohamed Shein | 2012–present |
| Name | Tenure |
|---|---|
| Pius Msekwa | 1977–1982 |
| Rashidi Kawawa | 1982–1990 |
| Horace Kolimba | 1990–1995 |
| Lawrence Gama | 1995–1997 |
| Philip Mangula | 1997–2007 |
| Yusuf Makamba | 2007–2011 |
| Wilson Mukama | 2011–2012 |
| Abdulrahman Kinana | 2012 – May 2018 |
| Bashiru Ally | 2018 – April 2021 |
| Daniel Chongolo | 2021 – present |
| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | Julius Nyerere | 5,570,883 | 95.5% | Elected Y |
| 1985 | Ali Hassan Mwinyi | 4,778,114 | 95.68% | ElectedY |
| 1990 | 5,198,120 | 97.78% | ElectedY | |
| 1995 | Benjamin Mkapa | 4,026,422 | 61.82% | ElectedY |
| 2000 | 5,863,201 | 71.74% | ElectedY | |
| 2005 | Jakaya Kikwete | 9,123,952 | 80.28% | ElectedY |
| 2010 | 5,276,827 | 62.83% | ElectedY | |
| 2015 | John Magufuli | 8,882,935 | 58.46% | ElectedY |
| 2020 | 12,516,252 | 84.40% | ElectedY |
| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | Julius Nyerere | 5,417,099 | 100% | 264 / 264 |  |  1st | Sole legal party |
| 1985 | Ali Hassan Mwinyi | 4,768,997 | 100% | 274 / 274 | 10 | 1st | Sole legal party |
| 1990 | 5,198,120 | 97.78% | 264 / 264 |  10 | 1st | Sole legal party | |
| 1995 | Benjamin Mkapa | 3,814,206 | 59.22% | 214 / 285 | 50 | 1st | Supermajority government |
| 2000 | 4,628,127 | 65.19% | 243 / 285 | 29 | 1st | Supermajority government | |
| 2005 | Jakaya Kikwete | 7,579,897 | 69.99% | 264 / 324 | 21 | 1st | Supermajority government |
| 2010 | 4,641,830 | 60.20% | 253 / 357 | 11 | 1st | Supermajority government | |
| 2015 | John Magufuli | 8,021,427 | 55.04% | 260 / 393 | 7 | 1st | Supermajority government |
| 2020 | 12,516,252 | 84.40% | 350 / 393 | 90 | 1st | Supermajority government |
Historically a left-wing champion of African socialism, the party has since moved to a more centre-left position.
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