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Cha Bum-kun

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
South Korean footballer
In thisKorean name, the family name isCha.

Cha Bum-kun
Cha in 1979
Personal information
Date of birth (1953-05-22)22 May 1953 (age 72)
Place of birthHwaseong, South Korea
Height1.79 m (5 ft 10 in)[1]
PositionForward
Youth career
1967–1968[2]Kyungshin Middle School [ko]
1969–1971Kyungshin High School [ko]
College career
YearsTeamApps(Gls)
1972–1975Korea University [ko]
Senior career*
YearsTeamApps(Gls)
1976Korea Trust Bank [ko]
1976–1979ROK Air Force (draft)
1978–1979Darmstadt 981(0)
1979–1983Eintracht Frankfurt122(46)
1983–1989Bayer Leverkusen185(52)
Total308(98)
International career
1970–1972South Korea U20
1972–1986South Korea136(58)
Managerial career
1991–1994Hyundai Horang-i
1997–1998South Korea
1998–1999Shenzhen Ping'an
2004–2010Suwon Samsung Bluewings
* Club domestic league appearances and goals
Korean name
Hangul
차범근
Hanja
車範根
RRCha Beomgeun
MRCh'a Pŏmgŭn

Cha Bum-kun (Korean: 차범근;Korean pronunciation:[tɕʰɐbʌmɡɯn] or[tɕʰɐ][pʌmɡɯn]; born 22 May 1953) is a South Korean formerfootball manager and player. Aforward, he was nicknamedTscha Bum or "Cha Boom" in Germany because of his name and thunderous ball striking ability.[5] He showed explosive pace and powerful shots.[6][7] He is widely regarded as one of the greatest Asian footballers of all time.[8][9][10]

In 1972, Cha had been capped for theSouth Korea national team as the youngest player of the time at the age of 18. He is the youngest player to ever reach100 international caps in the world at 24 years and 35 days,[note 1] and the all-time leading goalscorer of the South Korean national team with 58 goals. After dominating Asian competitions including the1978 Asian Games, he left forWest Germany and played forEintracht Frankfurt andBayer Leverkusen. He scored a total of 121 goals in twoBundesliga clubs, and won theUEFA Cup with each team.[15]

After his retirement, he opened a football academy to develop youth players in South Korea, and managed the national team for the1998 FIFA World Cup.

Early life

[edit]

Cha was born inHwaseong,Gyeonggi. He originally joined Yeongdo Middle School to learn football, but the school's football club was dissolved as soon as he joined there. He started his football career by transferring to Kyungshin Middle School after playingfield hockey for Yeongdo for one and a half years. In his high school days, he tried to leave school due to older students' violence, but continued to play football with the managerChang Woon-soo's help.[2] He became a notable player of Kyungshin High School, and was selected for theSouth Korean under-20 team in 1970.

Club career

[edit]

Career in South Korea

[edit]

Cha enteredKorea University in 1972, and won theKorean National Championship in 1974, the predecessor of theKorean FA Cup.[16] After his graduation, he started his senior career with Korea Trust Bank FC in 1976. He led his team to the title and was named the best player in the spring season of theKorean Semi-professional League.[17] In October 1976, he joinedAir Force FC to serve hismandatory military service.[18] Cha originally had a plan to enlist in the Navy FC, but theROK Air Force persuaded him that it would move his discharge up by six months.[19]

Darmstadt 98

[edit]

While playing for the national team in the1978 Korea Cup, Cha attracted the attention of anEintracht Frankfurt coachDieter Schulte [de], who had received an invitation to serve as an scout/observer at that tournament. In November 1978, Schulte sent a letter to theKFA (Korea Football Association), suggesting Cha's tryout inWest Germany, who would be discharged from the ROK Air Force in January 1979.[19] Cha had taken time off to leave forFrankfurt after the1978 Asian Games in December and succeeded to contract with anotherBundesliga clubDarmstadt 98 by signing a six-month deal.[19] However, he spent just less than a month inDarmstadt. The ROK Air Force didn't follow the contract with Cha, and ordered his return. After his debut match againstVfL Bochum on 30 December, Cha returned to South Korea due to his complicated issue about military service on 5 January. He eventually spent the remainder of the duration of his military service until 31 May, and so could not play for Darmstadt.[20]

Eintracht Frankfurt

[edit]

After being discharged from the military service completely, Cha still wanted to play in Bundesliga, and joined Eintracht Frankfurt at age 26 in July 1979. He scored in three consecutive games from third to fifth matchday of the Bundesliga, making an immediate impact early in his new club.[21] After the first half of his first season in Germany, he was classified as world class in thekicker-Rangliste [de].[22] He was also acclaimed by showing great performances helping Eintracht to win its first-everUEFA Cup title. He was evaluated as the "unstoppable player" by SirAlex Ferguson (Aberdeen's manager at the time),[9][23][24] and "one of the best attackers in the world" byLothar Matthäus (an opponent player at theUEFA Cup final and the Bundesliga).[9][25] In addition to a UEFA Cup title, he was named along withKarl-Heinz Rummenigge andKevin Keegan in the Bundesliga Team of the Season bykicker.[26] On 23 August 1980, Cha's spine had been cracked byJürgen Gelsdorf, who had tackled him from behind, but came back to the stadium after a month.[24][27] Afterwards, he scored six goals in six matches of the1980–81 DFB-Pokal, leading Eintracht to the title. He became Eintracht's top goalscorer for three consecutive seasons.[28]

Bayer Leverkusen

[edit]

However, Cha transferred toBayer Leverkusen due to a financial difficulty of Frankfurt in 1983.[24] In the1985–86 Bundesliga, he scored his most goals in a single Bundesliga season with 17 goals, and Leverkusen qualified for the UEFA Cup for the first time as the sixth-placed team.[29] The magazinekicker once again selected him for the Team of the Season,[30] and theAbendpost-Nachtausgabe [de] gave him the Player of the Season award.[31] In the1988 UEFA Cup final, he scored a dramatic equaliser againstEspanyol to tie the game 3–3. Leverkusen eventually went on to win the game on penalties, holding its first European title.[24]

Cha retired in 1989 after playing 308 Bundesliga games as a fair player. During his Bundesliga career, he scored 98 goals without a penalty, and received only one yellow card.[15] On 31 October 1987, he scored his 93rd Bundesliga goal, becoming the top foreign goalscorer by surpassingWilli Lippens.[32] His scoring record wasn't broken for eleven years untilStéphane Chapuisat scored more goals than him.[33] As of 2024, Cha is ranked ninth along withPierre-Emerick Aubameyang in the Bundesliga's foreign goalscorer standings.[33]

International career

[edit]
Cha withPark Lee-chun andKim Jae-han playing forSouth Korea in the early 1970s.

Cha generally played the Bundesliga games as astriker, but he had originally been awinger in South Korea.[34] He became aSouth Korean under-20 international in 1970, and took part in theAFC Youth Championship in1971 and1972.[3][4] In the1972 AFC Asian Cup, he made his senior international debut againstIraq, and scored his first international goal againstKhmer Republic.[35] He was named in theKorean FA Best XI for seven consecutive years, and was selected as the Korean FA Player of the Year in 1973.[36]

Cha usually played for the national team in theKorea Cup,Merdeka Tournament andKing's Cup (Thailand), which were annually contested between Asian nations and the invited clubs at the time. He won a total of ten trophies and also left memorable games in three competitions.[35] In the 1975 Merdeka Tournament, he scored his first international hat-trick againstJapan.[35] In the1976 Korea Cup, he scored a hat-trick againstMalaysia during five minutes from 83rd to 88th minute, leading South Korea to a dramatic 4–4 draw.[37]

In the1978 FIFA World Cup qualification, he played all of South Korea's twelve matches, and recorded five goals and two assists,[38][39] although his knee got a boil during the competition.[40] However, South Korea failed to qualify for the World Cup by finishing the qualification as runners-up despite his struggle.

In the1978 Asian Games, he scored two goals and provided two assists, contributing to team's gold medal.[41][42] However, he showed lethargic plays to prepare tryouts for Bundesliga clubs, and received criticisms.[43] After the 1978 Asian Games, he left for the Bundesliga and didn't play for South Korea. His last international tournament was the1986 FIFA World Cup, South Korea's first World Cup since 1954. He showed exemplary performance in intensive checks by opponents,[44][45] but failed to prevent South Korea's elimination in the group stage.

Managerial career

[edit]
Cha Bum-kun as manager ofSuwon Samsung Bluewings in 2009.

Cha moved into management withK League sideHyundai Horang-i, coaching them from 1991–94. His next appointment in January 1997 was Korean national team coach and he led the nation to the1998 FIFA World Cup; however, a disastrous 5–0 defeat at the hands of theNetherlands in Korea's second group game got Cha fired. He later blamed theKFA for the bad performance, citing lack of bonuses and alleging pro soccer games in Korea were fixed. The association promptly slapped a five-year ban on him and he soon left the country with his wife.

After an 18-month spell coachingShenzhen Ping'an inChina, Cha took up a commentator position withMBC in Korea. He returned to coaching in late 2003 when offered theSuwon Samsung Bluewings position. Cha achieved immediate success with Suwon by lifting the2004 K League championship, an achievement he ranked as even better than the UEFA Cup he won as a player in 1988. He later resigned in June 2010 as Suwon manager.

Personal life

[edit]

Cha is a devoutChristian and said the faith is one of his three biggest values along with family and football.[46]

Cha's second child,Cha Du-ri, also played for the South Korean national team and Bundesliga clubs, among them Eintracht, following in his father's footsteps.

In November 2019, Cha received theCross of Merit from the German government.[47]

Career statistics

[edit]

Club

[edit]
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition[15]
ClubSeasonLeagueCupContinentalOtherTotal
DivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoals
Korea Trust Bank1976Semipro League???[a]?—?[b]???
ROK Air Force (draft)1976Semipro League???[a]?—?[b]???
1977Semipro League???[a]?—?[b]???
1978Semipro League???[a]?—?[b]???
1979Semipro League???[a]?—?[b]???
Total????—????
Darmstadt 981978–79Bundesliga10———10
Eintracht Frankfurt1979–80Bundesliga31124011[c]3—4615
1980–81Bundesliga278665[c]2—3816
1981–82Bundesliga3111106[d]1—3812
1982–83Bundesliga331510——3415
Total12246126226—15658
Bayer Leverkusen1983–84Bundesliga341210——3512
1984–85Bundesliga291034——3214
1985–86Bundesliga341742——3819
1986–87Bundesliga336213[c]2—389
1987–88Bundesliga2540010[c]2—356
1988–89Bundesliga303502[c]0—373
Total18552157154—21563
Career total3089827133710??372121
  1. ^abcdeAppearance(s) inKorean National Championship
  2. ^abcdeAppearance(s) inKorean President's Cup
  3. ^abcdeAppearance(s) inUEFA Cup
  4. ^Appearance(s) inUEFA Cup Winners' Cup

International

[edit]
As of 8 July 2020

TheKFA is showing the list of Cha's 136 international appearances in its official website.[35] TheRSSSF is also claiming 136 appearances about Cha's international career, but its details have some discrepancies.[13]FIFA registered him with 130 appearances in theFIFA Century Club by excluding six matches in the Summer Olympics qualification.[14]

  • Appearances and goals by national team and year
    National teamYearAppsGoals
    South Korea1972236
    1973178
    1974132
    197519[a]9
    197619[b]13
    19772615
    1978165
    198630
    Career total13658
  • Appearances and goals by competition
    CompetitionAppsGoals
    Friendlies102
    Minor competitions7644
    Asian Games122
    AFC Asian Cup qualification40
    AFC Asian Cup51
    Summer Olympics qualification62
    FIFA World Cup qualification207
    FIFA World Cup30
    Total13658
    1. ^Includes one appearance in Summer Olympics qualification
    2. ^Includes five appearances and two goals in Summer Olympics qualification
    Scores list South Korea's goal tally first.[13][35]
    No.DateVenueCapOpponentScoreResultCompetition
    List of international goals scored by Cha Bum-kun
    110 May 1972National Stadium,Bangkok, Thailand2 Khmer Republic3–04–11972 AFC Asian Cup
    219 July 1972Perak Stadium,Ipoh, Malaysia8 Singapore2–04–11972 Merdeka Tournament
    323 July 1972Stadium Merdeka,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia9 Indonesia2–02–01972 Merdeka Tournament
    429 July 1972Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia11 Malaysia2–02–11972 Merdeka Tournament
    520 September 1972Dongdaemun Stadium,Seoul, South Korea13 Thailand3–03–01972 Korea Cup
    622 November 1972National Stadium, Bangkok, Thailand21 Indonesia1–11–11972 King's Cup
    719 May 1973Dongdaemun Stadium, Seoul, South Korea24 Thailand2–04–01974 FIFA World Cup qualification
    828 May 1973Dongdaemun Stadium, Seoul, South Korea28 Israel1–01–01974 FIFA World Cup qualification
    922 September 1973Dongdaemun Stadium, Seoul, South Korea30 Khmer Republic2–06–01973 Korea Cup
    104–0
    1130 September 1973Dongdaemun Stadium, Seoul, South Korea33 Malaysia1–02–01973 Korea Cup
    1216 December 1973National Stadium, Bangkok, Thailand37 Khmer Republic4–05–01973 King's Cup
    1322 December 1973National Stadium, Bangkok, Thailand39 Burma2–02–01973 King's Cup
    1425 December 1973National Stadium, Bangkok, Thailand40 Malaysia2–02–11973 King's Cup
    1518 May 1974Dongdaemun Stadium, Seoul, South Korea43 Burma2–03–01974 Korea Cup
    1625 December 1974Hong Kong54 Indonesia2–03–1Hong Kong Tournament
    1729 July 1975Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia58 Malaysia2–03–11975 Merdeka Tournament
    187 August 1975Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia61 Thailand3–06–01975 Merdeka Tournament
    199 August 1975Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia62 Japan1–03–11975 Merdeka Tournament
    202–1
    213–1
    2211 August 1975Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia63 Indonesia1–05–11975 Merdeka Tournament
    2315 August 1975Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia64 Bangladesh4–04–01975 Merdeka Tournament
    2421 December 1975National Stadium, Bangkok, Thailand68 Burma1–03–11975 King's Cup
    252–0
    266 March 1976Dongdaemun Stadium, Seoul, South Korea73 Republic of China1–03–01976 Summer Olympics qualification
    2727 March 1976Dongdaemun Stadium, Seoul, South Korea75 Japan2–12–21976 Summer Olympics qualification
    2810 August 1976Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia79 India1–08–01976 Merdeka Tournament [ms]
    295–0
    308–0
    3115 August 1976Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia81 Burma2–22–21976 Merdeka Tournament
    3211 September 1976Dongdaemun Stadium, Seoul, South Korea84 Malaysia2–44–41976 Korea Cup
    333–4
    344–4
    3513 September 1976Dongdaemun Stadium, Seoul, South Korea85 India4–04–01976 Korea Cup
    3617 September 1976Dongdaemun Stadium, Seoul, South Korea86 Singapore1–07–01976 Korea Cup
    377–0
    3822 December 1976National Stadium, Bangkok, Thailand91 Malaysia1–11–11976 King's Cup
    3914 February 1977Singapore92 Singapore1–04–0Friendly
    4018 February 1977Al Ahli Stadium,Manama, Bahrain93 Bahrain2–04–1Friendly
    4120 March 1977Dongdaemun Stadium, Seoul, South Korea96 Israel1–03–11978 FIFA World Cup qualification
    423 April 1977Dongdaemun Stadium, Seoul, South Korea98 Japan1–01–01978 FIFA World Cup qualification
    4326 June 1977Hong Kong Stadium, Hong Kong100 Hong Kong1–01–01978 FIFA World Cup qualification
    4417 July 1977Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia102 Libya2–04–01977 Merdeka Tournament
    4522 July 1977Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia104 Indonesia3–15–11977 Merdeka Tournament
    4624 July 1977Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia105 Burma2–04–01977 Merdeka Tournament
    4731 July 1977Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia108 Iraq1–01–01977 Merdeka Tournament
    4827 August 1977Sydney Sports Ground,Sydney, Australia109 Australia1–01–21978 FIFA World Cup qualification
    493 September 1977Dongdaemun Stadium, Seoul, South Korea110 Thailand3–05–11977 Korea Cup
    505 September 1977Daegu Civic Stadium,Daegu, South Korea111 India1–03–01977 Korea Cup
    513–0
    5213 September 1977Dongdaemun Stadium, Seoul, South Korea112 Malaysia2–03–01977 Korea Cup
    535 November 1977Al Kuwait Sports Club Stadium,[48]Kuwait City, Kuwait115 Kuwait1–02–21978 FIFA World Cup qualification
    5419 July 1978Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia121 Japan2–04–01978 Merdeka Tournament
    5522 July 1978Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia122 Iraq2–02–01978 Merdeka Tournament
    5625 July 1978Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia123 Indonesia1–02–01978 Merdeka Tournament
    5711 December 1978Chulalongkorn University Stadium, Bangkok, Thailand127 Bahrain3–05–11978 Asian Games
    5817 December 1978Bangkok, Thailand130 China1–01–01978 Asian Games

    Honours

    [edit]

    Player

    [edit]

    Korea University

    Korea Trust Bank

    ROK Air Force

    Eintracht Frankfurt

    Bayer Leverkusen

    South Korea U20

    South Korea

    Individual

    Records

    Manager

    [edit]

    Hyundai Horang-i

    Suwon Samsung Bluewings

    Individual

    See also

    [edit]

    Notes

    [edit]
    1. ^abIn 2013, when Cha's 121 international caps was being recognised,[11]FIFA introduced him as the youngest player to accumulate 100 caps at 24 years and 139 days (vs.Kuwait, 9 October 1977).[12] Afterwards, his record was shortened to 24 years and 35 days (vs.Hong Kong, 26 June 1977) according to the list of his 136 caps updated recently,[13] and can be seen as 24 years and 65 days (vs.Malaysia, 26 July 1977) when excluding six Olympic qualifiers by the rule of FIFA.[14]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^"Cha Bum-kun" (in Korean). KFA. Archived fromthe original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved8 November 2016.
    2. ^ab"Cha confessed that he had run away from school because he hadn't wanted to be beaten" (in Korean).The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2009. Retrieved31 December 2020.
    3. ^abc"18 national players were determined for the AFC Youth Championship".Naver (in Korean).Kyunghyang Shinmun. 12 March 1971. Retrieved27 October 2019.
    4. ^abc"18 national players were selected for the 14th AFC Youth Championship".Naver (in Korean).The Dong-a Ilbo. 9 March 1972. Retrieved27 October 2019.
    5. ^"Son can join in this list of the top Asian players" (in Dutch). Algemeen Dagblad. 8 May 2019. Retrieved28 October 2019.
    6. ^"SBS Documentary - A lot of German citizens remembering Cha Bum-kun".YouTube.com (in Korean).Seoul Broadcasting System. 9 June 2014.Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved21 July 2020.
    7. ^Cha Bum-kun - Park Ji-sung - Son Heung-min, who is the best? (in Korean).The Chosun Ilbo. 18 March 2019. Retrieved21 July 2020.
    8. ^ab"IFFHS HISTORY : ASIA – PLAYER OF THE CENTURY (1900–1999)". IFFHS. 10 October 2017. Archived fromthe original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved28 October 2019.
    9. ^abcdDuerden, John (8 January 2015)."Countdown: The Top 10 Asian footballers of all time". ESPN. Retrieved28 October 2019.
    10. ^"The greatest Asian footballers of all time - ranked". 90min. 3 March 2021. Retrieved17 November 2021.
    11. ^"Youngest player to win 100 international football caps". Guinness World Records. Retrieved11 October 2025.
    12. ^"Records and milestones on the road to Brazil". FIFA. 27 March 2013. Archived fromthe original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved3 November 2019.
    13. ^abcMamrud, Roberto; Villante, Eric (8 July 2020)."Bum-Kun Cha - Century of International Appearances".RSSSF. Retrieved24 July 2020.
    14. ^ab"FIFA Century Club"(PDF). FIFA. 30 June 2020. Retrieved24 July 2020.
    15. ^abc"Beom-geun Cha » Club matches".worldfootball.net. Retrieved28 October 2019.
    16. ^ab"Korea University won the National Football Championship for the first time in 3 years".Naver (in Korean).Kyunghyang Shinmun. 2 December 1974. Retrieved26 October 2019.
    17. ^abc"Exchange Bank and Trust Bank shared the league title".Naver (in Korean).Kyunghyang Shinmun. 31 May 1976. Retrieved26 October 2019.
    18. ^"Cha Bum-kun will enlist in early October".Naver (in Korean).Kyunghyang Shinmun. 3 September 1976. Retrieved4 September 2015.
    19. ^abcKim, Hyeon-hoe (19 January 2018)."Cha Bum-kun's road to West Germany".Naver (in Korean). Sports-G. Retrieved26 October 2019.
    20. ^"Cha Bum-kun and the issue of military service".Naver (in Korean).The Dong-a Ilbo. 8 January 1979.
    21. ^"Beom-geun Cha » Bundesliga 1979/1980".worldfootball.net. Retrieved28 October 2019.
    22. ^"Ranking Order of German Football Players A to Z 1955 to 2015"(PDF).Historical-Lineups.com. Retrieved26 October 2019.
    23. ^"Frankfurt's Cha Bum-kun was Ferguson's biggest trouble".Naver (in Korean). Footballist. 20 September 2013. Retrieved9 March 2019.
    24. ^abcd"Germany's Korean Tscha Bum".YouTube.com (in Korean). MBCdocumentary. Retrieved29 October 2019.[dead YouTube link]
    25. ^"Matthaus on Germany's close ties with Asia and Maradona vs. Messi". ESPN. 18 August 2015. Retrieved26 October 2018.
    26. ^ab"Bundesliga Historie 1979/80" (in German). kicker. Archived fromthe original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved26 October 2019.
    27. ^"History - Death threats after a foul" (in German). ARD Mediathek. 3 May 2019. Retrieved27 October 2019.
    28. ^"Eintracht Frankfurt » Appearances".worldfootball.net. Retrieved28 October 2019.
    29. ^"Bayer Leverkusen » Appearances".worldfootball.net. Retrieved28 October 2019.
    30. ^ab"Bundesliga Historie 1985/86" (in German). kicker. Archived fromthe original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved28 October 2019.
    31. ^"Cha Bum-Kun: An Asian football pioneer".YouTube. FIFA. 7 September 2017. Retrieved15 February 2025.
    32. ^"Beom-geun Cha » Bundesliga 1987/1988".worldfootball.net. Retrieved28 October 2019.
    33. ^ab"The top 10 foreign goalscorers in Bundesliga history". Bundesliga. 25 October 2018. Retrieved28 October 2019.
    34. ^"Korean football which participated in the Korea Cup has various methods of attack, but its defense is unstable".Naver (in Korean).Kyunghyang Shinmun. 21 May 1974. Retrieved29 October 2019.
    35. ^abcde"Cha Bum-kun" (in Korean). KFA. Retrieved22 October 2025.
    36. ^abc"The best XI was selected by the press corps, and the best player is Cha Bum-kun".Naver (in Korean).Kyunghyang Shinmun. 22 December 1973. Retrieved3 November 2019.
    37. ^"B team defeated Indonesia 2–0".Naver (in Korean).Kyunghyang Shinmun. 13 September 1976. Retrieved3 November 2019.
    38. ^"Outstanding goal-getter Cha Bum-kun scored the opening goal in the second World Cup qualifier".Naver (in Korean).Kyunghyang Shinmun. 21 March 1977. Retrieved23 May 2020.
    39. ^"Kim Jae-han's nonstop shot".Naver (in Korean).The Dong-a Ilbo. 5 December 1977. Retrieved23 May 2020.
    40. ^"The "Golden legs" Cha Bum-kun will soon have an operation to remove a boil of knee".Naver (in Korean).The Dong-a Ilbo. 7 December 1977. Retrieved3 November 2019.
    41. ^"South Korea got second victory against Kuwait".Naver (in Korean).The Dong-a Ilbo. 14 December 1978. Retrieved23 May 2020.
    42. ^"South Korea won their third straight victory against Japan".Naver (in Korean).The Dong-a Ilbo. 16 December 1978. Retrieved23 May 2020.
    43. ^"Cha Bum-kun's poor performance is receiving criticisms".Naver (in Korean).Kyunghyang Shinmun. 21 December 1978. Retrieved3 November 2019.
    44. ^"It was right to put Kim Jong-boo in the second half".Naver (in Korean).The Dong-a Ilbo. 6 June 1986. Retrieved3 November 2019.
    45. ^Park, Jong-hwan (11 June 1986)."It was a mistake to use Kim Jong-boo late".Naver (in Korean).Kyunghyang Shinmun. Retrieved3 November 2019.
    46. ^""Football, family, and faith" Cha Bum-kun's three biggest values which have supported him" (in Korean).JoongAng Ilbo. 23 October 2003. Retrieved27 October 2019.
    47. ^"Cha Bum-kun received Germany's Cross of Merit".Naver (in Korean).Seoul Broadcasting System. 22 November 2019. Retrieved23 November 2019.
    48. ^"Kuwait v Korea Republic, 05 November 1977". 11v11. Retrieved2 November 2019.
    49. ^"Korea University became champions after defeating Air Force".Naver (in Korean).The Dong-a Ilbo. 10 November 1976. Retrieved2 October 2019.
    50. ^Stokkermans, Karel (4 June 2015)."European Competitions 1979-80".RSSSF. Retrieved2 January 2020.
    51. ^Werner, Andreas (1 February 2001)."(West) Germany - DFB Cup History 1980-90".RSSSF. Retrieved2 January 2020.
    52. ^Ross, James (4 June 2015)."European Competitions 1987-88".RSSSF. Retrieved2 January 2020.
    53. ^Garin, Erik; Stokkermans, Karel (1 March 2018)."Asian Games 1978".RSSSF. Retrieved2 January 2020.
    54. ^Panahi, Majeed; Veroeveren, Pieter (12 June 2009)."Asian Nations Cup 1972".RSSSF. Retrieved2 January 2020.
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    56. ^"IFFHS announce the 48 football legend players". IFFHS. 25 January 2016. Retrieved14 September 2016.
    57. ^"IFFHS ASIA MEN TEAM OF THE XXth CENTURY (1901-2000)". IFFHS. 8 May 2021. Retrieved12 May 2021.
    58. ^"IFFHS ALL TIME ASIA MEN'S DREAM TEAM". IFFHS. 11 June 2021. Retrieved8 September 2021.
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    62. ^"Kim Ho-kon was selected as the most valuable footballer by the press corps".Naver (in Korean).Kyunghyang Shinmun. 28 January 1976. Retrieved3 November 2019.
    63. ^"Choi Jong-duk was selected as the footballer of the year by the press corps".Naver (in Korean).The Dong-a Ilbo. 8 February 1977. Retrieved3 November 2019.
    64. ^"Cho Young-jeung was selected as the MVP by football journalists".Naver (in Korean).Kyunghyang Shinmun. 26 December 1977. Retrieved3 November 2019.
    65. ^"The MVP Kim Jae-han and the best XI".Naver (in Korean).Kyunghyang Shinmun. 16 January 1979. Retrieved3 November 2019.
    66. ^'축구 명예의 전당'에서 한국 축구의 전통 세워나간다. (in Korean). KFA. 23 November 2006. Archived fromthe original on 4 December 2010. Retrieved29 February 2020.
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