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Chōzu-ya ortemizu-ya (手水舎) is aShinto water ablution pavilion for a ceremonialpurification rite known astemizu orchōzu (手水;lit. 'hand-water'). The pavilion contains a large water-filled basin called achōzubachi (手水鉢;lit. 'hand water basin').[1]
At shrines, thesechōzubachi are used by a worshipper to wash their left hand, right hand, mouth and finally the handle of the water ladle to purify themselves before approaching the mainShinto shrine orshaden (社殿).[2] This symbolic purification is normal before worship and all manned shrines have this facility,[3] as well as many Buddhist temples[4] and some new religious houses of worship.[citation needed] Thetemizu-ya is usually an open area where clear water fills one or various stone basins.[citation needed] Dippers (hishaku (杓)) are usually available to worshippers. In the 1990s, water fortemizu at shrines was sometimes from domestic wells, and sometimes from the municipal supply.[5]
Water has played a large role in Japanese spirituality since pre-historic times, most notably in the form ofmisogi done at a spring, stream or seashore and based in the legend ofthe purification of Izanagi,[2][6] and the similar Buddhist practice ofkori [jp] among others.[6]Temizu delevoped as an abbreviation of Misogi,[4] althoughmisogi was considered the ideal at least in the 1960s,[3] and worshippers at the Inner Shrine atIse still use this traditional way of ablution.[7][3]
TheCOVID-19 pandemic caused many shrines to remove the dippers and instructions to wash the mouth, with water flow to thechōzu basins often stopped and replaced with dipper-free dripping water systems or hand sanitizer in order to comply with public health norms and prevent infections.[2][8]
Starting at theYōkoku-ji [ja] in 2017hanachōzu (花手水,hanachōzu/hanatemizu) which is the practice of floating flowers in thechōzu basin has become popular across temples in Japan. The practice and became asocial media phenomenon beginning in 2018 with many shrines, both Shinto and Buddhist, following suite hoping to combat declining visitor numbers.Hanachōzu received further attention in 2020 with it being a popularized as a solution to pandemic challenges in the media, such as a way to usechōzu basins during pandemic restrictions, an good use for unsold flowers from florists, and an alternative tohanami, with there being 200 to 300 temples that hadhanachōzu in 2022.[9]
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