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| Formula | C58H73N13O21S2 |
| Molar mass | 1352.41 g·mol−1 |
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Ceruletide (INN), also known ascerulein orcaerulein, is a ten amino acidoligopeptide that stimulatessmooth muscle and increases digestive secretions. Ceruletide is similar in action and composition tocholecystokinin. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction. It is used to inducepancreatitis in experimental animal models.
Ceruletide was discovered and its structure elucidated in 1967 by Australian and Italian scientists from dried skins of theAustralian green tree frog (Ranoidea caerulea, formerlyHyla caerulea). Its amino acid sequence is Pglu-Gln-Asp-Tyr[SO3H]-Thr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2.[1][2]
Ceruletide upregulates pancreaticacinar cellintercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) proteins through intracellular upregulation ofNF-κB. Surface ICAM-1 in turn promotes neutrophil adhesion onto acinar cells enhancing pancreaticinflammation.[3] In addition to promoting the inflammatory cell reaction to acinar cells, ceruletide induces pancreatitis through dysregulation of digestive enzyme production and cytoplasmic vacuolization, leading to acinar cell death and pancreatic edema. Ceruletide also activatesNADPH oxidase, a source of reactive oxygen species contributing to inflammation, as well as theJanus kinase/signal transducer, another inflammation inducer.[4]