Acentralized government (alsounited government) is one in which both executive and legislativepower is concentrated centrally at the higher level as opposed to it being more distributed at various lower-level governments. In a national context, centralization occurs in the transfer of power to a typicallyunitarysovereignnation state. Executive and/or legislative power is then minimally delegated to unit subdivisions (state, county, municipal and otherlocal authorities).Menes, anancient Egyptianpharaoh of theearly dynastic period, is credited by classical tradition with having unitedUpper and Lower Egypt, and as the founder of thefirst dynasty (Dynasty I), became the first ruler to institute a centralized government.[1]
Allconstituted governments are, to some degree, necessarily centralized, in the sense that even afederation exerts an authority or prerogative beyond that of its constituent parts. To the extent that a base unit of society – usually conceived as an individualcitizen – vests authority in a larger unit, such as thestate or the localcommunity, authority is centralized. The extent to which this ought to occur, and the ways in which centralized government evolves, forms part ofsocial contract theory.
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