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Central Min

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Language

"Min Zhong" redirects here. For other uses, seeMin Zhong (disambiguation).

Central Min
闽中语
Min Zhong
Native to	SouthernChina,United States (mainlyCalifornia)
Region	Yong'an,Sanming
Native speakers	700,000 (2004)^[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Min Inland Min Central Min
Early forms	Proto-Sino-Tibetan Old Chinese^[a] Proto-Min
Dialects	Sanming Yong'an Shaxian
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`czo`
Glottolog	`minz1235`
Linguasphere	`79-AAA-hb`
Central Min

Central Min, orMin Zhong (simplified Chinese:闽中语;traditional Chinese:閩中語;pinyin:Mǐnzhōngyǔ), is a part of theMin group ofvarieties of Chinese. It is spoken in the valley of the Sha River inSanming prefecture in the central mountain areas ofFujian, consisting ofYong'an, the urban area of Sanming (Sanyuan andMeilie districts) andSha County.^[5]

Dialects

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Notes

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^Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.^[2]^[3]^[4]

References

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Central Min test ofWikipedia atWikimedia Incubator

^Language Atlas of China (2nd ed.),City University of Hong Kong, 2012, p. 178,ISBN 978-7-10-007054-6.
^Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone",Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies,30:86–110,doi:10.2307/2718766,JSTOR 2718766
^Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984),Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3,ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert;Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10)."Glottolog 4.8 - Min".Glottolog.Leipzig:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962.Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved2023-10-13.
^Wurm, Stephen Adolphe; Li, Rong; Baumann, Theo; Lee, Mei W. (1987).Language Atlas of China. Longman. p. B-12.ISBN 978-962-359-085-3.

Norman, Jerry (1974), "The initials of Proto-Min",Journal of Chinese Linguistics,2 (1):27–36,JSTOR 23749809. (includes a description of the phonology of the Yong'an dialect)

Sino-Tibetan branches

WesternHimalayas (Himachal,
Uttarakhand,Nepal,Sikkim)

West Himalayish
Tamangic
Newaric
- Newar
- Baram–Thangmi
Kiranti
Dhimalish
- Dhimal
- Toto
- Lhokpu
Lepcha

Greater Magaric	Magaric Magar Kham Chepangic Chepang Bhujel Raji–Raute Dura–Tandrange

EasternHimalayas
(Tibet,Bhutan,Arunachal)

Bodish
- Tibetic
- East Bodish
- Tshangla
- Basum
- Nam?
Gongduk
ʼOle
Kho-Bwa
- Puroik?
Tani
Chamdo

Myanmar and Indo-
Burmese border

Naga	Ao Angami–Pochuri Meitei Tangkhulic Zeme
Sal	Boro–Garo Konyak Jingpho–Luish

East andSoutheast Asia

Sinitic
- Yue
- Pinghua
- Hakka
- Min
- Wu
- Hui
- Gan
- Xiang
- Mandarin
- Jin
Bai
Tujia
Nungish
Karenic
Gong
Kathu
Cai–Long
- Caijia
- Longjia–Luren

Burmo-Qiangic	Qiangic Gyalrongic Ersuic Naic Lolo-Burmese Mondzish Burmish Loloish

Dubious (possible
isolates,Arunachal)

Greater Siangic	Siangic Koro Milang Idu–Taraon

Proposed groupings

Proto-languages

Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.

Min Chinese

Languages

Eastern Min

Houguan	Fuzhou dialect Fuqing dialect Changle dialect Gutian dialect Matsu dialect
Funing	Xiapu dialect Fu'an dialect Ningde dialect
Others	Manjiang dialect Zhongshan Min Longdu dialect Nanlang dialect

A map showing the geographical distribution of the primary varieties of Min Chinese.

Southern Min

Teochew	Swatow dialect
Hokkien	Amoy dialect Quanzhou dialects Hui'an dialect Yongchun dialect Zhangzhou dialects Chawan dialect Longyan dialect Taiwanese Banana colloquial speech NorthernMalacca Straits Hokkien Penang Hokkien Medan Hokkien Kelantan Peranakan Hokkien Philippine Hokkien SouthernMalacca Straits Hokkien Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien Singaporean Hokkien
Others	Datian Min Houlu dialect Haklau Min Zhenan Min Zhongshan Min Sanxiang dialect

Pu–Xian Min
(Hinghwa)

Zhanjiang dialect

Hainanese

Writing system

Logographic	Chinese characters
Alphabetic	Pe̍h-ōe-jī Pe̍h-ūe-jī Hainan Romanized Foochow Romanized Hinghwa Romanized Kienning Colloquial Romanized Taiwanese Romanization System Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet Daighi tongiong pingim Bbánlám pìngyīm Peng'im Fuzhou Transliteration Scheme Hainanese Transliteration Scheme
Mixed	Hàn-lô

Research

Proto-languages	Proto-Min
Rime dictionaries	Qi Lin Bayin Jianzhou Ba Yin

Languages of China

Official

Standard Chinese

Regional

ARs /SARs	Cantonese^HK/MC English^HK Mongolian^NM Portuguese^MC Tibetan^XZ Uyghur^XJ Zhuang^GX
Prefecture	Hmong Kam Bouyei Tujia Korean Qiang Yi Kyrgyz Kazakh Tai Nüa Tai Lü Zaiwa Lisu Bai Hani Zhuang
Counties/Banners	numerous

Indigenous

Sino-Tibetan languages

Hanoish	Akeu Akha Amu Angluo Asuo Baihong Bisu Budu Bukong Cosao Duoni Duota Enu Habei Hani Honi Jino Kabie Kaduo Lami Laomian Laopin Mpi Muda Nuobi Nuomei Phana’ Piyo Qidi Sadu Sangkong Suobi Tsukong Woni Yiche
Lisoish	Eka Hlersu Kua-nsi Kuamasi Laizisi Lalo Lamu Lavu Lawu Limi Lipo Lisu Lolopo Mangdi Micha Mili Sonaga Toloza Xuzhang Yangliu Zibusi
Nisoish	Alingpo Alugu Aluo Axi Azha Azhe Bokha Gepo Khlula Lope Moji Muji Muzi Nasu Nisu Nuosu Phala Phola Phowa Phukha Phuma Phupa Phupha Phuza Samei Sani Thopho Zokhuo
Other	Gokhy Katso Kucong Lahu Naruo Namuyi Naxi Nusu Samu Sanie Zauzou

Qiangic

Tibetic

Other

Other languages

Austroasiatic

Hmong–Mien

Hmongic	A-Hmao Bu-Nao Gejia Guiyang Hm Nai Hmong Hmu Huishui Kiong Nai Luobohe Mashan Pa-Hng Pa Na Pingtang Qo Xiong Raojia Sanqiao Sheyu Small Flowery Xixiu Younuo
Mienic	Biao Min Dzao Min Iu Mien Kim Mun

Mongolic

Kra-Dai

Zhuang	Bouyei Dai Min Ningming Nong Tai Dam Tai Dón Tai Hongjin Tai Lü Tai Nüa Tai Ya Yang Yei
Other	Ai-Cham Biao Buyang Cao Miao Chadong Cun Gelao Hlai Jiamao Kam Lakkja Mak Maonan Mulam Naxi Yao Ong Be Paha Qabiao Sui Then

Tungusic

Turkic

Other

Sarikoli (Indo-European)
Tsat (Austronesian)
Formosan languages (Austronesian)

Minority

Varieties of
Chinese

Danzhou
Mandarin
Gan
Hakka
Hui
Mai
Min
Ping
Shaozhou Tuhua
Shehua
Wu
- Chu–Qu
- Oujiang
- Taihu
  - Jinxiang
  - Northwestern
    - Changzhou
    - Hangzhou
  - Northern Zhejiang
    - Ningbo
    - Shaoxing
  - Su–Jia–Hu
- Taizhou
  - Taizhou proper
- Wuzhou
  - Jinhua
- Xuanzhou
Xiang
- New
- Old
Yue
- Cantonese

Creole/Mixed

Extinct

Sign

GX = Guangxi
HK = Hong Kong
MC = Macau
NM = Inner Mongolia
XJ = Xinjiang
XZ = Tibet

Chinese language

Sinitic languages

Major linguistic groups

Mandarin

Northeastern	Changchun Harbin Shenyang Taz
Beijing	Beijing Taiwan
Jilu	Tianjin Jinan
Jiaoliao	Dalian Qingdao Weihai
Central Plains	Dongping Gangou Guanzhong Xi'an Luoyang Xuzhou Dungan Xinjiang
Southwestern	Sichuanese Chengdu–Chongqing (?)Minjiang Leshan Renshou–Fushun [zh] Zigong Kunming Nanping Wuhan Gui–Liu Wuming
Jianghuai	Nanjing Nantong Nanping
Lanyin	Lanzhou dialect [zh] Ürümqi dialect [zh] Xinjiang
Other	Junjiahua Qinjiang Gyami

Jin

Taihu	Shanghai Suzhou Wuxi Changzhou (?)Hangzhou Shaoxing Ningbo Jinxiang Jiangyin Shadi
Taizhou Wu	Taizhou Tiantai
Oujiang	Wenzhou Rui'an Wencheng
Wuzhou	Jinhua
Chu–Qu	Quzhou Jiangshan Qingtian
Xuanzhou	Xuancheng

Houguan [zh]	Fuzhou Fuqing Changle Gutian Matsu
Fu–Ning [zh]	Ningde Fu'an
Other	Manjiang Zhongshan Longdu Nanlang

Pu–Xian

Southern

Hokkien	Quanzhou Zhangzhou Amoy Chawan Taiwan Philippines Penang Medan Singapore Southern Malaysia
Teochew	Swatow Haklau Pontianak
Zhongshan	Sanxiang
Other	Zhenan Longyan

Leizhou

Zhanjiang

Hainan

Inland

Hakka

Yue

Yuehai	Guangzhou Hong Kong Malaysia Xiguan Jiujiang Shiqi Weitou Dapeng Yunfu
Siyi	Taishan Xinhui [zh]
Other	Gao–Yang Goulou Wu–Hua Yong–Xun Luo–Guang Qin–Lian

Pinghua

Unclassified

Shaozhou Tuhua Xiangnan Tuhua Danzhou Badong Yao Shehua Waxiang Yeheni Huizhou Mai Laobeizi
(?)Macro-Bai	Bai Cai-Long Caijia Longjia Luren

Standard forms of Chinese

Mandarin (Standard Chinese)	Sichuanese Taiwanese Philippine Malaysian Singaporean
Other varieties	Cantonese Hokkien Hakka

History, phonology, and grammar

History	Old Chinese Eastern Han Middle Chinese Old Mandarin Middle Mandarin Proto-Min Proto-Hakka Ba–Shu Gan
Phonology	Historical Old Old National Cantonese Hokkien Northern Wu Mandarin Literary and colloquial readings
Grammar	Numerals Classifiers Honorifics Cantonese grammar Classical grammar
Idioms	Chengyu Xiehouyu