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Celebic languages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
Celebic
Geographic
distribution
Sulawesi,Indonesia
Linguistic classificationAustronesian
Proto-languageProto-Celebic
Subdivisions
Language codes
Glottologcele1242
Map showing the distribution of the Celebic languages (in dark blue) inSulawesi alongside other Austronesian languages

TheCelebic languages are a subgroup of theAustronesian languages spoken on theIndonesian island ofSulawesi, formerly calledCelebes. Almost all of the languages spoken in the provinces ofCentral Sulawesi andSoutheast Sulawesi belong to the Celebic group. A few Celebic languages (e.g.Wotu,Bonerate) are located inSouth Sulawesi province. By number of languages (but not by number of speakers), Celebic is the largest subgroup ofAustronesian languages on Sulawesi.

Subgrouping

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Internal classification

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David Mead (2003a:125) classifies the Celebic languages as follows.[1][2]

More recently, Zobel (2020) proposed thatKaili–Pamona andWotu–Wolio form aKailiWolio group, which Zobel places as a primary subgroup of Celebic. Furthermore, in Zobel's (2020) classification, Kaili–Wolio is placed as a sister to group to Tominic–Eastern Celebic, which contains Mead's (2003)Tomini–Tolitoli andEastern Celebic groups.[3]

Position within Austronesian

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At the current state of research, the Celebic languages are considered to make up a primary branch of theMalayo-Polynesian subgroup within theAustronesian language family.[4]

Proto-Celebic

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Proto-Celebic
Reconstruction ofCelebic languages
RegionSulawesi
Reconstructed
ancestors
Lower-order reconstructions

David Mead (2003a:125) lists the followingsound changes for Proto-Celebic and its subgroups.[1]

  1. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Celebic
    • *C1C2 > *C2 (C1 not nasal)
    • *h > Ø
    • *d > *r
    • *ay, *-ey > *e
    • *-aw, *-ew > *o
    • *j > *y, Ø
  2. Proto-Celebic to Proto-Eastern Celebic
  3. Proto-Eastern Celebic to Proto-Saluan–Banggai
    • *-awa- > *oa
    • *-b, *-g > *p, *k
    • *q > *ʔ
  4. Proto-Eastern Celebic to Proto-Southeastern Celebic
    • *-w- > Ø
    • *s > *s, *h
    • *Z > *s
    • *ñ > n
    • *b > *b, *w
  5. Proto-Southeastern Celebic to Proto-Bungku–Tolaki
    • *q > *ʔ
    • *w- > *h
    • *ʀ > Ø initially and contiguous to *i
  6. Proto-Southeastern Celebic to Proto-Muna–Buton
    • *w > Ø
    • final consonant loss (?)

See also

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References

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  1. ^abMead, David (2003a)."Evidence for a Celebic supergroup"(PDF). In Lynch, John (ed.).Issues in Austronesian historical phonology. Pacific Linguistics 550. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 115–141.
  2. ^Mead, David (2003b)."The Saluan-Banggai microgroup of eastern Sulawesi"(PDF). In Lynch, John (ed.).Issues in Austronesian historical phonology. Pacific Linguistics 550. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 65–86.
  3. ^Zobel, Erik (2020)."The Kaili–Wolio Branch of the Celebic Languages".Oceanic Linguistics.59 (1/2). University of Hawai'i Press:297–346.doi:10.1353/ol.2020.0014.
  4. ^Smith, Alexander D. (2017). "The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem".Oceanic Linguistics.56 (2): 435–490.doi:10.1353/ol.2017.0021.

External links

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Bungku–Tolaki
Muna–Buton
Saluan–Banggai
Tomini–Tolitoli *
Kaili–Wolio *
Kaili–Pamona
Wotu–Wolio
  • * indicates proposed status
  • ? indicates classification dispute
  • † indicatesextinct status
Formosan
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