| Cedars of Lebanon State Park | |
|---|---|
 cedar glade | |
 Interactive map of Cedars of Lebanon State Park | |
| Type | Tennessee State Park |
| Location | Lebanon, Tennessee |
| Coordinates | 36°04′25″N86°18′41″W / 36.07366°N 86.31151°W /36.07366; -86.31151 |
| Area | 900 acres (364 ha) |
| Operated by | Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation |
| Website | Cedars of Lebanon State Park |
Cedars of Lebanon State Park Historic District | |
 Cedar Lodge | |
| Nearest city | Lebanon, Tennessee |
| Built | 1925-1949 |
| NRHP reference No. | 95001274 |
| Added to NRHP | 1995 |
Cedars of Lebanon State Park is a state park inWilson County, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. It consists of 900 acres (364 ha) situated amidst the 9,420-acre (3,810 ha)Cedars of Lebanon State Forest. The park and forest are approximately 10 miles (16 km) south ofLebanon, Tennessee.
Cedars of Lebanon State Forest is known for itscedar glades, a unique type of ecosystem that has adapted to the thin (or nonexistent) soil layers that often occur in the easternCentral Basin. These glades are typically flanked by thick stands ofred cedar, a type ofjuniper tree that can survive in soil layers too thin to support most large wooded plants. The presence of the red cedar in the basin reminded the region's early Euro-American settlers of theLebanese cedar forests of Biblical fame.
Cedars of Lebanon State Park is situated in the eastern Central Basin approximately 15 miles (24 km) west of the easternHighland Rim, 15 miles (24 km) east ofNashville and 20 miles (32 km) north ofMurfreesboro.U.S. Route 231, which runs north-to-south, splits the state forest into eastern and western sections. The state park (i.e., the developed area) is located in the eastern section along Cedar Forest Road. The western section consists of an undeveloped state forest. 1,043 acres (422 ha) of the western section has been classified as a state natural area.[1]
Like most karst areas, Cedars of Lebanon State Forest is drained in large part by underground streams. The water in the forest likely flows into nearby streams, such as Hurricane Creek.[2] These streams empty into theStones River'sJ. Percy Priest Lake impoundment, which is located a few miles west of the park.
Cedars of Lebanon State Forest is underlain byOrdovician period limestone, formed roughly 460 million years ago fromcalcareous ooze deposited by a primordial sea that once covered Middle Tennessee. Weathering of this rock has led to the creation ofkarst formations such asjoints, underground streams, caves, andsinkholes, which are common throughout the park and forest.[3] The forest is located in a flat section of the Central Basin characterized by thin soil layers where the limestone bedrock is often exposed.[4]
Cedar glade communities have adapted to the basin's harsh barrens, where the soil is too thin to support most plant types, especially large wooded plants. The glades are typically open areas resembling rock or gravel-strewn meadows. Most glades include small areas of bare rock where nothing grows, gravelly areas where only grasses grow, and patches of very thin soil that support shrubs and small red cedars. Cedar glades are typically surrounded by stands of red cedar known as cedar thickets. Beyond the cedar thickets, the soil is thick enough to support a hardwood forest consisting primarily of oak and hickory.[4]
The cedar glades of Cedars of Lebanon State Forest are home to 350 plant species, 29 of which areendemic to the cedar glades. Flowering plant species living in the glades include the formerly[5] endangeredTennessee Coneflower (Echinacea tennesseensis), thePrickly Pear cactus (Opuntia humifusa), Limestone flame flower (Phemeranthus calcaricus), Gattinger's Prairie Clover (Dalea gattingeri), Glade Phlox (Phlox bifida), and Nashville Breadroot (Pediomelum subacaule). Nonflowering plants includereindeer moss and glade moss. Along with the red cedar, trees in the surrounding forest includewhite oak andshagbark hickory. Wildlife chiefly consists of rodents and birds.[4]
The earliest Euro-American settlers arrived in Wilson County in the late 1790s. The city of Lebanon, established in 1802, was named after the abundance of red cedar in the area. The settlers believed (mistakenly) that the red cedar stands were similar to the cedar forests ofancient Lebanon, which were harvested byPhoenician city-states and used in the construction of theTemple of Solomon. The first Wilson County courthouse and many other early structures in the county were constructed using red cedar logs.[6]
For much of the 19th century, the barren glades were largely devoid of human habitation, with the exception of a few small farms. In an 1879 essay on the history of Wilson County, James Drake described the various soil types in the county, which included a "dark soil, peculiar to the cedar flats, the least desirable of any we have, and subject to drought, being usually near the rock."[7] The town of Gladeville was established in 1852 just west of the modern state forest boundaries and grew into a sizeable hamlet until the outbreak of theAmerican Civil War.[8]
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the high demand for lumber led to the harvesting of most of the forests in the Central Basin. Red cedar in particular was popular for use in the making of furniture, fence rails, and pencils. In the cedar flats of Wilson County, small farmers were struggling with depletion of the already-thin soil layer caused by poor farming tactics. In 1935, as part of theNew Deal, the federal government initiated a plan to resettle farmers living in badly eroded lands to allow the devastated forests to recover. As part of the Lebanon Cedar Forest Project, the federalResettlement Administration helped move the farmers in the cedar flats to new locations, and theWorks Project Administration constructed forestry and recreational facilities and planted thousands of red cedar seedlings. The work was supervised by theUnited States Forestry Service. "Lebanon Cedar Forest" officially opened in 1937, with local newspaper editor Dixon Merritt presiding over the opening ceremony. Although the land was managed by the Tennessee Department of Conservation, the federal government retained ownership until 1955.[9][10]
Botanists began noting the ecological importance of the cedar glades as early as 1901, when German-born doctor Augustin Gattinger (1825–1903) mentioned the glades in his bookThe Flora of Tennessee and the Philosophy of Botany. Research conducted byElsie Quarterman ofVanderbilt University led to the forest's designation as aNational Natural Landmark in 1973.[4][11] In 1995, Cedar Lodge and several other structures built by the WPA in the 1930s and 1940s were placed on theNational Register of Historic Places.
Cedars of Lebanon State Park has 117 campsites, 11 picnic shelters, 8 miles (13 km) of hiking trails, a group lodge, and a meeting hall. A small museum, theDixon Merritt Nature Center, displays some of the forest's natural features. The park also maintains adisc golf course. The disc golf course was designed with help from the "Father of Disc Golf," Ed Headrick, in 1977. It is an 18-hole short course landscaped through cedar woods with limestone karst topography. The throws are short but technical. The course stays busy year round and is used frequently by local disc golfers.
The park's eight miles (13 km) of hiking trails range in size from 0.5 to 5 miles (0.8 to 8 km). The 0.5-mile (0.8 km) Cedar Glades Trail, which begins at the park visitor center, is a self-guidedinterpretive trail that crosses several cedar glade habitats characteristic of glades found in the eastern basin. The 2-mile (3.2 km) Cedar Forest Trail, which begins near the junction of Cedar Forest Road and WPA Road, loops through a mixed oak-hickory and red cedar forest and passes several sizeable sinkholes andblockfields. The 0.5-mile (0.8 km) Dixon Merritt Trail begins behind the Merritt Nature Center and provides access to Jackson Cave. The 0.5-mile (0.8 km) Limestone Sinks Trail is another self-guided trail that passes several large limestone sinks. The 5-mile (8 km) Hidden Springs Trail, which starts near the picnic area, loops through multiple terrain types characteristic of the state forest, including a large limestone sink and associated dry streambed, several substantial cedar glades, and a dense stand of mixed red cedar and oak-hickory forest.
Jackson Cave is one of 18 known caves located in the state forest and the immediate vicinity. The cave's entrance is 30 feet (9.1 m) wide and 4 feet (1.2 m) high, and the cave corridor has an average width of 12 feet (3.7 m) and an average height of 6 feet (1.8 m). The cave extends approximately 1,000 feet (300 m) from its entrance to a large pool of water.[12]
Year designated: 1973
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