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Acavalcade is aprocession orparade onhorseback, or a massdistance ride by a company of riders.
Sometimes the focus of a cavalcade is participation rather than display and the participants do not wear costumes or ride in formation. Sometimes, a modern cavalcadere-enacts an important historical event and follows along-distance trail. A cavalcade may also be apilgrimage.
Many cavalcades involve ceremonial entries into and departures from towns and villages. Long-distance cavalcades may acquire more riders who join from populated places along its route.
A modern variant is a ceremonial entry to an event, called the "grand entry.” Such processions are traditional in manyrodeos andpowwows in theAmerican West.
The termcavalcade comes from the classical Latin wordcaballus, used to describe a strong work horse. This developed into the wordcaballicare, "to ride horseback," which in Italian becamecavalcare. In Spanish the term for cavalcade iscabalgata.
InNew Mexico,Philmont Scout Ranch includes a week-long cavalcade among its programs. The annualpilgrimage toEl Santuario de Chimayó includes a cavalcade ofclassic cars onGood Friday. Traditionally, the pilgrimage had been made on foot. Today, in addition to traveling by car and foot, a few pilgrims ride horses.[1]Columbus, New Mexico is the end point of the annual Cabalgata Binacional Villista (see#Chihuahua).[dubious –discuss][unreliable source?]
In the western United States, certain ceremonial long-distance rides on horseback, sometimes driving cattle, resemble cavalcades. Once example occurs in conjunction with theHouston Livestock Show and Rodeo. Another, among the oldest, was established in 1952, a 110-milecattle drive held annually on a route close to theChisholm Trail fromCuero toSan Antonio in conjunction with the San Antonio Livestock Show and Rodeo.[2][dubious –discuss]
Therodeo grand entry is a short form of mass riding for ceremonial purposes, where officials,rodeo queens, and many of the competitors enter the ridingarena to be introduced at the beginning of each evening’s event. Such performances usually are combined with presentation of flags, music, and playing of the national anthem.[3][4]
At apowwow grand entry, the dancers who will perform enter the competition grounds in full regalia in a processional format that respects the traditions ofindigenous people. An eagle feather staff with deep spiritual meaning begins the procession, followed by the American flag and other flags, often carried by military veterans. Dancers enter in sequence based upon the relative status of the event, and elders enter before younger people. Once everyone has entered, there is aninvocation, and a Native drum group usually performs a Flag Song and a Veterans’ Song.[5]
InSonora, cavalcades are regular annual events in March and October.
On 26 through 28 October 2007 theGovernor of Sonora,Eduardo Bours, and the regional Cattlemen's Association led a cavalcade of approximately 7,000 cowboys who were primarily from the local area, the state of Sonora, some other Mexican states and several western U.S. states. The cavalcade was calledRemontando El Río Sahuaripa 2007, and the route covered 61 kilometers. Beginning inSahuaripa, the group traveled south following the river upstream, through the municipality ofArivechi, passing the banks of the Cajon de Onapa Reservoir Lake, and ending in the village of Guisamopa. The cowboys and horses were fed and supplied by an elaborate "Chuck Wagon" system.[6] That cavalcade is the focal end stage of the 500 km (310 mi)Cabalgando por Sonora from the Río Sonora to the Sierra Alta.
InChihuahua, two separate cavalcades commemorate the history of theMexican Revolution andFrancisco (Pancho) Villa.[citation needed]
Each year in February and March, theCabalgata Binacional Villista commemorates the 9 March 1916 invasion of the United States byPancho Villa's men. The first cavalcade took place in 1999 and followed the same route that Pancho Villa used, coming from the Hacienda de San Jerónimo,Bachíniva. A handful of riders were expected but more than 125 showed up. The Cabalgata passedNamiquipa and Cruces, as during the original 1916 event. In 2008 the 9th cavalcade began on 27 February inCiudad Madera with more than 200 riders.[7] During the next 10 days, they traversed 397 km (247 mi) north through towns and villages in northern Mexico (Ignacio Zaragoza,Buenaventura,Galeana,Nuevo Casas Grandes,Casas Grandes, Colonia Graciano Sánchez,Janos,Ascensión,Seis de Enero) toPuerto Palomas de Villa, arriving on 7 March with a complement of 400 riders and twice as many crew.
On 8 March 100 riders continued across theUnited States–Mexico border 3 miles to the Pancho Villa State Park and Museum in the village ofColumbus, New Mexico. From the border the Villistas were accompanied by 200 American riders. The 8th cavalcade in 2007 was larger, with 500 riders arriving in Puerto Palomas de Villa. The 7th cavalcade in 2006 was smaller but the arrival of the 100 Villistas atPancho Villa State Park coincided with ceremonies attended by New Mexico GovernorBill Richardson, Chihuahua GovernorJosé Reyes Baeza Terrazas, and many other dignitaries.[8] The cavalcade in 2010 was the opening event of the centennial celebrationsTres Siglos, Tres Fiestas (Three Centuries, Three Fiestas).[9][10]
The riders are received each night with a dinner, rodeo, music and dancing, and their horses are fed and watered. The growing popularity of the cavalcade presented increasing financial challenges for the communities along the route. In 2008, the community presidents formed an association, Presidentes Municipales de la Región Noroeste, to coordinate and manage the event.
Horses traveling from Mexico to the United States normally are subject toquarantine of at least 3 days,[11] but starting in 2006, a special 12-hour waiver was obtained for up to 100 horses (hence the limit of 100 Villistas). Before 2006, the Mexican horses were left behind in Mexico, and the Villistas rode American horses from the border to the park.[12]
The 11th cavalcade in 2010 began on February 23 in Hacienda San Jerónimo, Bachíniva, repeating the historical original route, passing through Namiquipa, Cruces to Buenaventura. There the cavalcade joined the group coming from Madera, continuing together up to Columbus, New Mexico.
Each year in July theCabalgata Villista (also known asLa Gran Cabalgata Villista) commemorates theassassination of Francisco (Pancho) Villa on 20 July 1923 inParral. The cavalcade was initiated by José Socorro Salcido Gómez in 1996. It travels to Parral fromChihuahua City, a distance of 220 km (140 mi), led by municipal, state, and federal dignitaries. In general, its route passes throughSatevó andValle de Zaragoza, with riders (jinetes) joining the cavalcade along the way. Since 1996 the cavalcade has grown progressively larger; in 2007 3,000 riders participated. The 2008 cavalcade was still larger.[13] In 2009, the cavalcade began with 500 riders departing from Chihuahua City. Participating villages, cities, and municipalities includedMatamoros,Valle de Allende,San Francisco del Oro,Santa Bárbara, municipio de López,Zaragoza,El Tule,Huejotitán,Balleza,Coronado, andJiménez.[14]
InCoahuila,Nuevo León andTamaulipas, on 12 March 2005 the fifthCabalgata Interestatal (tri-state cavalcade) included 10,500 riders along a 10 km (6.2 mi) portion of its 52 km (32 mi) length.[15]
InGuanajuato, a cavalcadepilgrimage occurs atEpiphany to the shrine ofCristo Rey.[16]
InNew Zealand, an annualOtago Goldfields Cavalcade[17] is held. Different towns inCentral Otago play host at the culmination of the cavalcade each year, withCromwell,Ophir, andClyde having been among the host towns. Some years the cavalcade's route follows theDunstan Trail,[18] a principal route of theCentral Otago gold rush, fromClarks Junction nearMiddlemarch to the site of the former Dunstan goldfields. This route covers much the same journey as theOtago Central Rail Trail, though it is shorter and over far rougher terrain.[19] The first re-enactment cavalcade was in 1991, from nearDunedin toCromwell. More than 200 people (and 240 horses) took part in the 1991 cavalcade.[20]
InColombia, riding in cavalcades is a recreation enjoyed throughout the mountains. InMedellín, a cavalcade is an important part of the annualFestival of the Flowers.[citation needed]
Time lapse of Grand Entry
