| Catla | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Young catla | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Labeoninae |
| Genus: | Labeo |
| Species: | L. catla |
| Binomial name | |
| Labeo catla (F. Hamilton, 1822) | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Catla (Labeo catla;Bengali:কাতলা,romanized: kātlā) also known as the major South Asian carp, is an economically important South Asian freshwater fish in the carp familyCyprinidae. It is native to rivers and lakes in northernIndia,Bangladesh,Myanmar,Nepal, andPakistan, but has also beenintroduced elsewhere in South Asia and is commonlyfarmed.[1][2]
In Nepal and neighbouring regions of India, up to Odisha, it is called Bhakura.
Catla is a fish with large and broad head, a large protruding lower jaw, and upturned mouth. It has large, greyish scales on its dorsal side with a whitish belly. It reaches up to 182 cm (6.0 ft) in length and 38.6 kg (85 lb) in weight.[2]
Catla is a surface and midwater feeder. Adults feed on zooplankton using large gill rakers, while young ones feed on both zooplankton and phytoplankton. Catla attains sexual maturity at an average age of two years and an average weight of 2 kg (4.4 lb).
The catla was formerly listed as the only species in the genusCatla, but this was a synonym of the genusGibelion.[1][2] More recently,Catalog of Fishes has moved this species toLabeo.[3] This species has often been confused with thegiant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis) of south-east Asia as the two taxa bear an extraordinary resemblance to each other, especially in their very large heads.[1]
The catla is one of the most importantaquacultured freshwater species inSouth Asia.[5][6]It is grown inpolyculture ponds with other carp-like fish, particularly with theroho labeo (Labeo rohita) andmrigal carp. The reported production numbers have increased sharply during the 2000s, and were in 2012 about 2.8 million tonnes per year.[5]
Catla is sold and consumed fresh, locally and regionally. It is transported on ice. Fish of 1–2 kg (2.2–4.4 lb) weight are preferred by consumers.[5]
The Catla fish (also known as Indian carp in Vietnam) was first successfully artificially bred in Vietnam in 1986. This research was conducted by Mr. Trịnh Quốc Khánh, a Bachelor of Biology and former Deputy Director of the Mekong Delta Aquaculture Research Center under the Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 2 (Ministry of Fisheries). He was the primary person responsible for this study. Thanks to the artificial fertilization method and the efforts of Vietnamese researchers, this study was successfully implemented.
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