Acognitive bias is a systematic pattern of deviation fromnorm or rationality in judgment. Individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of reality, not theobjective input, may dictate theirbehavior in the world. Thus, cognitive biases may sometimes lead to perceptual distortion, inaccurate judgment, illogical interpretation, or what is broadly calledirrationality.
Although it may seem like such misperceptions would be aberrations, biases can help humans find commonalities and shortcuts to assist in the navigation of common situations in life.
Some cognitivebiases are presumably adaptive. Cognitive biases may lead to more effective actions in a given context. Furthermore, allowing cognitive biases enables faster decisions which can be desirable when timeliness is more valuable than accuracy, as illustrated inheuristics. Other cognitive biases are a "by-product" of human processing limitations, resulting from a lack of appropriate mental mechanisms (bounded rationality), impact of individual's constitution and biological state (seeembodied cognition), or simply from a limited capacity for information processing.
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