Cassis Cassís (Occitan) | |
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.jpg) Cassis seen from the cliffs ofCap Canaille | |
.svg) Coat of arms | |
Location of Cassis  | |
  Cassis  Cassis | |
| Coordinates:43°13′00″N5°32′20″E / 43.2167°N 5.5389°E /43.2167; 5.5389 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur |
| Department | Bouches-du-Rhône |
| Arrondissement | Marseille |
| Canton | La Ciotat |
| Intercommunality | Aix-Marseille-Provence |
| Government | |
| • Mayor(2020–2026) | Danielle Milon[1] |
Area 1 | 26.86 km2 (10.37 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[2] | 6,706 |
| • Density | 250/km2 (650/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 13022 /13260 |
| Elevation | 0–416 m (0–1,365 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Cassis (French pronunciation:[kasi];Occitan:Cassís) is acommune situated east ofMarseille in thedepartment ofBouches-du-Rhône in theProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azurregion, whose coastline is known in English as theFrench Riviera, inSouthern France.
It is a popular tourist destination,[3] famous for its cliffs (falaises) and the sheltered inlets calledcalanques. Thewines of Cassis are white and rosé, and not to be confused withcrème de cassis, a specialty ofBurgundy which takes its name fromblackcurrants (cassis), not the commune. It is a filming location featured inThe French Connection, notably for heroin smuggler Alain Charnier's house.
The town is situated on theMediterranean coast, about 20 kilometres (12+1⁄2 miles) east ofMarseille.Cap Canaille, 394 metres (1,293 feet), between Cassis andLa Ciotat ("thecivitas") is one of the highest maritime bluffs in Europe, a sailor's landmark for millennia. It is east of Marseille and in the department ofBouches-du-Rhône.
One of its main beaches, called "Bestouan", is made cooler by akarstic source.
The present site of Cassis was first occupied between 600 and 500 BC by theLigures, who constructed a fortified dwelling at the top of the Baou Redon. These people lived by fishing, hunting, and farming.
The current site of Cassis could have been inhabited by theGreeks, though no proof has yet been found.
DuringRoman times, Cassis was part of the maritime route made[clarification needed] by the EmperorAntoninus Pius. It was a small village, established mainly around the Arena and Corton beaches. The principal livelihood was fishing and maritime trade withNorth Africa and theMiddle East. Several archaeological discoveries attest to this.[citation needed]
From the 5th to the 10th centuries AD,invasions by foreign tribes led the population to seek refuge in thecastrum, a fortified city that, in 1223, became the property of the Seigneurie desLes Baux-de-Provence.
In the 15th century, Cassis was ceded to theCounts of Provence; thenRené of Anjou gave the town to the Bishops of Marseille, who ruled the town until theRevolution of 1789.
In the eighteenth century, Cassis started to develop outside the ramparts of the fortified city and around the port. After theBourbon Restoration, new industries developed here, including the drying of cod, the manufacture of olive oil and clothing, coral work, wine-making and the exploitation of local stone (cement, limestone).Stone of Cassis, which was quarried here since antiquity made the town famous. It has been used for the quays of the large Mediterranean ports (Alexandria,Algiers,Piraeus,Marseille, andPort Said). A claim that it was used for the base of theStatue of Liberty in New York City gained wide circulation but has been proved apocryphal.[4] Today, the stone is used more for domestic purposes such as the construction of sinks and fireplaces.[5]
In the twentieth century, as these industries began to disappear, the workforce turned to tourism and wine making. Cassis was one of the first three vineyards to profit from theappellation d'origine contrôlée (label of controlled origin) introduced in 1936.
The oldest form is Tutelæ Charsitanæ, attested since the first century. It then drifts into Carsicis (15th century) and Castrum Cassitis (1323). These place names suggest a Car-s theme derived from the pre-Indo-European *Kar meaning stone or rock, to which has been added the suffix -ite. The French language has retained the Provençal Cassis spelling, which is identical in both the classical andMistralian standards.
The final "s" is not pronounced in the local variant of Provençal, unlike other dialects. The pronunciation of the final "s" is found in the motto of the city, which rhymes Paris, Cassis and the word 'vist' with one another (pronunciation in Provençal "mistralien": /pa.ʁis/, /ka.sis/, /vis/). In French, both pronunciations occur.
The Provençal motto of the commune attributed toFrédéric Mistral is "Qu'a vist Paris, se noun a vist Cassis, n'a rèn vist", which means "Who has seen Paris and not Cassis, has not seen anything".
Cassis istwinned with:
Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom[6]
Portofino, Italy
Alushta, Ukraine
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