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Cass County, Missouri

Coordinates:38°39′N94°21′W / 38.65°N 94.35°W /38.65; -94.35
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
County in Missouri, United States

County in Missouri
Cass County, Missouri
County courthouse in Harrisonville
County courthouse in Harrisonville
Flag of Cass County, Missouri
Flag
Map of Missouri highlighting Cass County
Location within the U.S. state ofMissouri
Map of the United States highlighting Missouri
Missouri's location within theU.S.
Coordinates:38°39′N94°21′W / 38.65°N 94.35°W /38.65; -94.35
Country United States
StateMissouri
FoundedMarch 3, 1835
Named afterLewis Cass
SeatHarrisonville
Largest cityKansas City
Government
 • County CommissionPresiding Commissioner Bob Huston

Associate Commissioner Monty Kisner

Associate Commissioner Jimmy Odom
Area
 • Total
702 sq mi (1,820 km2)
 • Land697 sq mi (1,810 km2)
 • Water5.7 sq mi (15 km2)  0.8%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
107,824
 • Density155/sq mi (59.7/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district4th
Websitewww.casscounty.com

Cass County is located in the western part of theU.S. state ofMissouri and is part of theKansas City metropolitan area. As of the2020 census, the population was 107,824.[1] Itscounty seat isHarrisonville; however, the county contains a portion ofKansas City, Missouri.[2] The county was organized in 1835 asVan Buren County, but was renamed in 1849 afterU.S. SenatorLewis Cass ofMichigan, who later became apresidential candidate.[3][4]

History

[edit]

The Harrisonville area was long inhabited by speakers of theDhegihan Siouan-language family: TheOsage,Quapaw,Omaha,Ponca andKansa tribes make up this sub-group. The Kansa tribal range extended southward from the Kansas-Missouri River junction as far as the northern edge of present-dayBates County, Missouri, taking in the sites of modern Pleasant Hill, Garden City, Archie and Drexel. On their southeastern border they were neighbors of the Osage. There is no evidence that either of these tribes ever had a truly permanent settlement in the territory of Cass County.

Other historical tribes in the area were reportedlyShawnee andLenape (aka Delaware), whose tribes spoke relatedAlgonquian languages. The Lenape had been pushed to the Midwest from their territory along the mid-Atlantic coast by continuous white encroachment.[5]

In 1818 the United States had granted land to the Lenape in southern Missouri Territory, but they were forced to cede it back in 1825, after Missouri became a state. At that time, they were removed to areservation in Kansas. Other Lenape had previously migrated south to Texas, seeking refuge in what was still Mexican territory after it gained independence from Spain. Those who remained in the Harrisonville area were close relatives of theSauk,Meskwaki andKickapoo tribes.

The earlycamp meetings held by European-American settlers southwest of Harrisonville often attracted as many as 500 Indians, in addition to Europeans. They seemed to enjoy the enthusiastic religious services, accompanied by hymn singing and socializing, as much as the white settlers did.[5]

The first European-American settler on the site of modern Harrisonville was James Lackey in 1830. Other early settlers were Humphrey Hunt, John Blythe, and Dr. Joseph Hudspeth. Lackey was considered a "squatter," as he built a cabin and enclosed a small field on the tract of public land taken to establish the county seat.

The site of the town was fixed under an act of the Missouri General Assembly in 1835, by David Waldo ofLafayette County and Samuel Hink and William Brown, both ofJackson County. In the same year, the first court met for the county, known as Van Buren County. Justices James McClellan and William Savage met in McClellan's residence about three miles (4.8 km) southeast of Peculiar on September 14, 1835. William Lyon was appointed clerk of the court and county government was organized, including the establishment of Grand River Township.

In the spring of 1837 the town of Harrisonville was platted by Enoch Rice, Francis Prine and Welcome Scott, who had been appointed commissioners by the state legislature in the winter of 1836. These commissioners, in company with Martin Rice, the county surveyor, met at the home of John Cook on April 3, 1837, to resolve Lackey's preemption claim. In May they laid off the town in lots 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the northeast and northwest quarters of Section 4, Township 44N., Range 31W. Within these 160 acres (0.65 km2) there were to be four streets: Wall and Pearl running east to west, and Lexington and Independence going north and south, each less than 40 feet wide. Fleming Harris was appointed town commissioner on April 8, 1837. The first town lots were sold on June 12 of that year; those facing the public square sold at $20 each, the others at $10.

"Democrat" was strongly urged as a name for the new town but was finally rejected. The town was named afterU.S. RepresentativeAlbert G. Harrison from Missouri. The first house within the town was erected by Jason L. Dickey in 1836. The first jail in Harrisonville and second for Cass County was established in 1838. Its site was 312 S. Independence. One of its successors is recognized among the state's historic sites.

On October 8, 1835, the first church in Harrisonville was organized. Its site was two miles southwest of town and it was known as Hopewell or New Hope Baptist.

Harrisonville eventually was served by railroad lines known as the Missouri Pacific and the Frisco. After a scandal in funding railroad construction by the issuance of bonds, three men involved in the swindle were shot and killed by a mob on April 24, 1872, when their train was stopped on aKaty railroad spur. This became known as the "Gunn City Massacre" because it took place near that city.

In 1857 Cass County had approved a large stock subscription for the Pacific Railroad Company, to support its construction in the area. This corporation later surrendered the bonds to the new Saint Louis and Santa Fe Railroad, from whence they were later assigned to the Land Grant Railroad & Construction Company ofNew York City. Residents of Cass County gained a court injunction in an effort to prevent the funding of these bonds, but by legal maneuvering and collusion, the company gained a new set of bonds, issued secretly.

The populace was outraged, believing this maneuver was intended to benefit the holders of the now worthless bonds, by re-obligating the county to pay those same bonds. The county attorney, a judge of the county court, and a third man involved in the scandal were shot and killed while on a train stopped betweenBryson, Missouri andPaola, Kansas. (It was in or near what is now known asGunn City). Afterward some 41 men were arrested as suspects and prosecuted for these killings, but none was convicted. At the time of the shootings, a related mob burned a Republican newspaper owned by Porter J. Coston, in Harrisonville, Missouri.[6][7]

By 1860, the year before the Civil War, 12 cities in Missouri had populations of approximately 2,500 or more. Harrisonville ranked 37th, with a population of 675. In 1863the town was depopulated, as the United States forces pushed the people out in an effort to reduce any local support forinsurgentguerrilla activity in the area. Most of the buildings were burned, the jail among them.Fort Harrisonville was a Union stronghold for a brief period in 1863 and provided protection for loyal Union families.

Some of the county's local history is presented at thePleasant Hill Historical Society Museum, inPleasant Hill on the northern edge of the county.

Geography

[edit]

According to theU.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 702 square miles (1,820 km2), of which 697 square miles (1,810 km2) is land and 5.7 square miles (15 km2) (0.8%) is water.[8]

Adjacent counties

[edit]

Cass County is one of the few counties in the US to border two counties of the same name in different states (Johnson County in Missouri and Kansas).

Major highways

[edit]

Transit

[edit]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note
18404,693
18506,09029.8%
18609,79460.8%
187019,29697.0%
188022,43116.2%
189023,3013.9%
190023,6361.4%
191022,973−2.8%
192021,536−6.3%
193020,962−2.7%
194019,534−6.8%
195019,325−1.1%
196029,70253.7%
197039,74833.8%
198051,02928.4%
199063,80825.0%
200082,09228.7%
201099,47821.2%
2020107,8248.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[9]
1790-1960[10] 1900-1990[11]
1990-2000[12] 2010-2020[1]

As of thecensus[14] of 2000, there were 82,092 people, 30,168 households, and 22,988 families residing in the county. The population density was 117 inhabitants per square mile (45/km2). There were 31,677 housing units at an average density of 45 units per square mile (17/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 95.62%White, 1.42%Black orAfrican American, 0.58%Native American, 0.48%Asian, 0.04%Pacific Islander, 0.50% fromother races, and 1.35% from two or more races. Approximately 2.21% of the population wereHispanic orLatino of any race.

There were 30,168 households, out of which 38.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.60% weremarried couples living together, 9.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.80% were non-families. 20.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.40% under the age of 18, 7.30% from 18 to 24, 30.20% from 25 to 44, 22.30% from 45 to 64, and 11.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $49,562, and the median income for a family was $55,258. Males had a median income of $39,001 versus $26,174 for females. Theper capita income for the county was $21,073. About 4.20% of families and 5.80% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 7.00% of those under age 18 and 5.20% of those age 65 or over.

Religion

[edit]

According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report (2010), Cass County is sometimes regarded as being on the northern edge of theBible Belt, with evangelical Protestantism being the most predominant religion. The most predominant denominations among residents in Cass County who adhere to a religion areSouthern Baptists (43.71%),Roman Catholics (17.42%), andUnited Methodists (11.07%).

2020 Census

[edit]
Cass County Racial Composition[15]
RaceNum.Perc.
White (NH)89,40683%
Black or African American (NH)4,9044.6%
Native American (NH)5020.47%
Asian (NH)8410.8%
Pacific Islander (NH)780.07%
Other/Mixed (NH)6,5106%
Hispanic orLatino5,5835.2%

Education

[edit]

Public schools

[edit]

School districts include:[16]

Full K-12 school districts

Elementary school districts:

Individual schools

[edit]
  • Archie R-V School District –Archie
    • Cass County Elementary School (PK-06)
    • Archie High School (07-12)
  • Belton 124 -Belton High School (10-12) - See article for other schools
  • Drexel R-IV School District –Drexel
    • Drexel Elementary School (K-06)
    • Drexel High School (07-12)
  • East Lynne School District No. 40 –East Lynne
    • East Lynne Elementary School (PK-08)
  • Harrisonville R-IX School District –Harrisonville
    • Early Childhood Center (PK-K)
    • Harrisonville Elementary School (01-05)
    • McEowen Elementary School (04-05)
    • Harrisonville Middle School (06-08)
    • Harrisonville High School (09-12)
  • Midway R-I School District –Cleveland
    • Midway Elementary School (K-06)
    • Midway High School (07-12)
  • Pleasant Hill R-III School District –Pleasant Hill
    • Pleasant Hill Primary School (PK-02)
    • Pleasant Hill Elementary School (03-04)
    • Pleasant Hill Intermediate School (05-06)
    • Pleasant Hill Middle School (07-08)
    • Pleasant Hill High School (09-12)
  • Raymore-Peculiar R-II School District – See article
  • Sherwood Cass R-VIII School District –Creighton
    • Sherwood Elementary School (K-05)
    • Sherwood Middle School (06-08)
    • Sherwood High School (09-12)
  • Strasburg C-3 School District –Strasburg
    • Strasburg Elementary School (K-08)

Private schools

[edit]

Public libraries

[edit]
  • Cass County Public Library[17]

Colleges and universities

[edit]

Metropolitan Community College has the Lee's Summit and Belton school districts in its in-district taxation area. The Archie, Drexel, East Lynne, Midway, Pleasant Hill, Raymore-Preculiar, Sherwood Cass, and Strasburg school districts are in the out of district service area but not the in-district taxation area.[18]

Politics

[edit]

Local

[edit]

Local politics are controlled by theRepublican Party in Cass County.

Cass County, Missouri
Elected countywide officials
AssessorRoger RaffetyRepublican
AuditorJack BondonRepublican
Circuit ClerkKim YorkRepublican
County ClerkJeff FletcherRepublican
CollectorChris MolendorpRepublican
Commissioner
(presiding)
Bob HustonRepublican
Commissioner
(district 1)
Monty KisnerRepublican
Commissioner
(district 2)
Ryan JohnsonRepublican
Prosecuting AttorneyBen ButlerRepublican
Public AdministratorRandy JonesRepublican
RecorderMike MedskerRepublican
SheriffJeff WeberRepublican
TreasurerSteve CheslikRepublican

State

[edit]
Past Gubernatorial Elections Results
YearRepublicanDemocraticThird Parties
202465.06%38,03432.69%19,1122.25%1,318
202064.80%37,02532.85%18,7702.36%1,347
201656.05%28,57140.64%20,7133.31%1,688
201249.19%23,83747.81%23,1683.00%1,454
200845.77%22,59252.18%25,7542.05%1,010
200453.53%23,53844.97%19,7721.49%659
200052.74%18,77745.18%16,0842.08%742
199638.32%11,03859.21%17,0552.47%710

Cass County is split between five legislative districts in theMissouri House of Representatives, four of which are held by Republicans and one by a Democrat.

  • District 33 – Chris Sander (R-Lone Jack). Includes the communities of East Lynne, Gunn City, Harrisonville, Pleasant Hill, and Strasburg.
Missouri House of Representatives — District 33 — Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanChris Sander9,421100.00%+28.55
Missouri House of Representatives — District 33 — Cass County (2018)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanDonna Pfautsch6,14071.45%+1.39
DemocraticPat Williams2,45328.55%−1.39
  • District 37 — Annette Turnbaugh (D-Grandview). Includes parts of the cities of Lake Winnebago and Raymore.
Missouri House of Representatives — District 37 — Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanJohn D. Boyd, Jr.1,85258.66%+4.28
DemocraticAnnette Turnbaugh1,27540.39%−5.23
GreenDaniel Karam300.95%+0.95
Missouri House of Representatives — District 37 — Cass County (2018)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanJohn D. Boyd, Jr.1,22854.38%+54.38
DemocraticJoe Runions1,03045.62%−54.38
  • District 55 – Mike Haffner (R-Pleasant Hill). Includes the communities of Garden City, Peculiar, and parts of Lake Winnebago and Raymore.
Missouri House of Representatives — District 55 — Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanMike Haffner18,583100.00%±0.00
Missouri House of Representatives — District 55 — Cass County (2018)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanMike Haffner13,557100.00%+36.63
  • District 56 — Michael Davis (R-Kansas City). Includes the communities of Belton, Cleveland, Drexel, Freeman, Lake Annette, and a tiny sliver of Kansas City.
Missouri House of Representatives — District 56 — Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanMichael Davis10,78362.85%−37.15
DemocraticNeal Barnes6,37437.15%+37.15
Missouri House of Representatives — District 56 — Cass County (2018)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanJack Bondon10,622100.00%+31.40
  • District 57 — Rodger Reedy (R-Windsor). Includes the communities of Archie and Creighton.
Missouri House of Representatives — District 57 — Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanRodger Reedy1,824100.00%+29.97
Missouri House of Representatives — District 57 — Cass County (2018)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanRodger Reedy1,09670.03%+3.72
DemocraticJoan Shores46929.97%−3.72

All of Cass County is a part of Missouri's 31st District in theMissouri Senate and is currently represented by Rick Brattin (R-Harrisonville).

Missouri Senate — District 31 — Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanRick Brattin37,67567.21%−5.50
DemocraticRaymond Kinney18,37932.79%+32.79
Missouri Senate — District 31 — Cass County (2016)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanEd Emery34,93472.71%+9.68
LibertarianLora Young7,16814.92%+14.92
IndependentTim Wells5,94412.37%+12.37

Federal

[edit]

All of Cass County is included inMissouri's 4th Congressional District and is currently represented byVicky Hartzler (R-Harrisonville) in theU.S. House of Representatives. Hartzler was elected to a sixth term in2020 over Democratic challenger Lindsey Simmons.

U.S. House of Representatives – Missouri’s 4th Congressional District – Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanVicky Hartzler38,18567.45%+3.71
DemocraticLindsey Simmons17,05030.12%−3.61
LibertarianSteven K. Koonse1,3802.44%−0.09
U.S. House of Representatives – Missouri's 4th Congressional District – Cass County (2018)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanVicky Hartzler27,73763.74%−5.87
DemocraticRenee Hoagenson14,67733.73%+7.48
LibertarianMark Bliss1,1002.53%−1.61

Cass County, along with the rest of the state of Missouri, is represented in theU.S. Senate byJosh Hawley (R-Columbia) andRoy Blunt (R-Strafford).

U.S. Senate – Class I – Cass County (2018)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanJosh Hawley25,86159.02%+14.45
DemocraticClaire McCaskill16,34037.29%−9.50
IndependentCraig O'Dear7461.70%
LibertarianJapheth Campbell5951.36%−7.28
GreenJo Crain2740.63%+0.63

Blunt was elected to a second term in2016 over then-Missouri Secretary of StateJason Kander.

U.S. Senate — Class III — Cass County (2016)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanRoy Blunt27,53254.12%+9.55
DemocraticJason Kander20,62840.55%−6.24
LibertarianJonathan Dine1,5423.03%−5.61
GreenJohnathan McFarland5941.17%+1.17
ConstitutionFred Ryman5781.14%+1.14

Political culture

[edit]
United States presidential election results for Cass County, Missouri[19]
YearRepublicanDemocraticThird party(ies)
No. %No. %No. %
18882,09540.03%3,01557.60%1242.37%
18921,90835.23%3,02755.89%4818.88%
18962,22935.50%3,97563.31%751.19%
19002,16237.85%3,35058.65%2003.50%
19042,37544.36%2,75051.36%2294.28%
19082,19339.84%3,14357.10%1683.05%
19121,03418.38%3,24757.70%1,34623.92%
19162,10437.95%3,33760.19%1031.86%
19204,05544.15%5,03054.76%1001.09%
19243,61042.17%4,70955.01%2422.83%
19285,29959.11%3,64740.68%180.20%
19323,00934.01%5,77265.24%660.75%
19364,07041.31%5,73158.17%520.53%
19404,98347.55%5,47952.29%170.16%
19444,68751.84%4,34748.08%70.08%
19483,61439.96%5,41559.87%160.18%
19526,00054.04%5,08945.84%130.12%
19565,58950.06%5,57549.94%00.00%
19606,52353.29%5,71846.71%00.00%
19643,66535.50%6,65864.50%00.00%
19685,27145.14%4,46838.26%1,93816.60%
19729,24271.24%3,73128.76%00.00%
19767,18243.98%9,00855.16%1400.86%
198010,10552.81%8,19842.85%8314.34%
198414,45665.79%7,51734.21%00.00%
198812,79955.75%10,09243.96%670.29%
199210,34934.61%10,24634.26%9,31031.13%
199613,49546.52%11,74340.48%3,77213.00%
200020,11356.07%14,92141.60%8352.33%
200427,25361.63%16,68137.73%2830.64%
200829,69558.99%19,84439.42%8021.59%
201230,91262.95%17,04434.71%1,1482.34%
201633,09864.38%14,84628.88%3,4666.74%
202037,19764.61%19,05233.09%1,3192.29%
202438,79265.36%19,75333.28%8041.35%

Cass County was, up toWorld War II, solidly Democratic rooted in its strong secessionist sympathies during theCivil War. However, since1952 it has become a strongly Republican county in presidential elections. Cass County strongly favoredDonald Trump in both2016 and2020. The last Democratic candidate to carry the county wasJimmy Carter in1976.

Voters in Cass County generally adhere to socially and culturallyconservative principles which tend to influence their Republican leanings. Despite Cass County's longstanding tradition of supporting socially conservative platforms, voters in the county have a penchant for advancingpopulist causes. In 2018, Missourians voted on a proposition (Proposition A) concerningright to work, the outcome of which ultimately reversed the right to work legislation passed in the state the previous year. 66.33% of Cass County voters cast their ballots to overturn the law.

Missouri presidential preference primaries

[edit]

2020

[edit]

The 2020 presidential primaries for both the Democratic and Republican parties were held in Missouri on March 10. On the Democratic side, formerVice PresidentJoe Biden (D-Delaware) both won statewide and carried Cass County by a wide margin. Biden went on to defeatPresidentDonald Trump in the general election.

Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary – Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
DemocraticJoe Biden5,83963.43
DemocraticBernie Sanders2,89031.39
DemocraticTulsi Gabbard810.88
DemocraticOthers/Uncommitted3964.30

IncumbentPresidentDonald Trump (R-Florida) faced a primary challenge from formerMassachusetts GovernorBill Weld, but won both Cass County and statewide by overwhelming margins.

Missouri Republican Presidential Primary – Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanDonald Trump5,22097.13
RepublicanBill Weld340.63
RepublicanOthers/Uncommitted1202.23

2016

[edit]

The 2016 presidential primaries for both the Republican and Democratic parties were held in Missouri on March 15. BusinessmanDonald Trump (R-New York) narrowly won the state overall, butSenatorTed Cruz (R-Texas) carried a plurality of the vote in Cass County. Trump went on to win the nomination and the presidency.

Missouri Republican Presidential Primary – Cass County (2016)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanTed Cruz7,67243.39
RepublicanDonald Trump6,89138.98
RepublicanJohn Kasich1,6509.33
RepublicanMarco Rubio1,0646.02
RepublicanOthers/Uncommitted4032.28

On the Democratic side, formerSecretary of StateHillary Clinton (D-New York) narrowly won statewide, butSenatorBernie Sanders (I-Vermont) won a majority in Cass County.

Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary – Cass County (2016)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
DemocraticBernie Sanders4,18752.07
DemocraticHillary Clinton3,76546.82
DemocraticOthers/Uncommitted891.11

2012

[edit]

The 2012 Missouri Republican Presidential Primary's results were nonbinding on the state's national convention delegates. Voters in Cass County supported formerU.S. SenatorRick Santorum (R-Pennsylvania), who finished first in the state at large, but eventually lost the nomination to formerGovernorMitt Romney (R-Massachusetts). Delegates to the congressional district and state conventions were chosen at a county caucus, which selected a delegation favoring Santorum. IncumbentPresidentBarack Obama easily won the Missouri Democratic Primary and renomination. He defeated Romney in the general election.

2008

[edit]

In 2008, the Missouri Republican Presidential Primary was closely contested, withSenatorJohn McCain (R-Arizona) prevailing and eventually winning the nomination. However, formerGovernorMitt Romney (R-Massachusetts) won a plurality in Cass County.

Missouri Republican Presidential Primary – Cass County (2008)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanMitt Romney3,32432.55
RepublicanJohn McCain3,19531.28
RepublicanMike Huckabee3,03329.70
RepublicanRon Paul4774.67
RepublicanOthers/Uncommitted1841.80

Then-SenatorHillary Clinton (D-New York) received more votes than any candidate from either party in Cass County during the 2008 presidential primary. Despite initial reports that Clinton had won Missouri,Barack Obama (D-Illinois), also aSenator at the time, narrowly defeated her statewide and later became that year's Democratic nominee, going on to win the presidency.

Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary – Cass County (2008)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
DemocraticHillary Clinton6,50059.76
DemocraticBarack Obama3,99536.73
DemocraticOthers/Uncommitted3823.51

Communities

[edit]

Cities

[edit]

Villages

[edit]

Census-designated places

[edit]

Unincorporated communities

[edit]

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. RetrievedSeptember 8, 2021.
  2. ^"Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived fromthe original on May 31, 2011. RetrievedJune 7, 2011.
  3. ^Eaton, David Wolfe (1916).How Missouri Counties, Towns and Streams Were Named. The State Historical Society of Missouri. pp. 272.
  4. ^"Disappearing Missouri Names".The Kansas City Star. March 19, 1911. p. 15. Archived fromthe original on August 19, 2014. RetrievedAugust 15, 2014 – viaNewspapers.com.
  5. ^abThe History of Cass and Bates Counties, Missouri. National Historical Company, Saint Joseph, Missouri. 1883. p. 272. RetrievedFebruary 26, 2016.
  6. ^Harrison, E.S.Nome and Seward: History, Biography, Descriptions, and Stories. Internet Archive. p. 337.Gunn City Massacre
  7. ^O'Flaherty, Daniel C. (1954).General Jo Shelby: Undefeated Rebel. University of North Carolina Press.ISBN 0-8078-4878-6.republished 2000{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  8. ^"2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived fromthe original on October 21, 2013. RetrievedNovember 14, 2014.
  9. ^"U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. RetrievedNovember 14, 2014.
  10. ^"Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. RetrievedNovember 14, 2014.
  11. ^"Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. RetrievedNovember 14, 2014.
  12. ^"Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000"(PDF). United States Census Bureau.Archived(PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. RetrievedNovember 14, 2014.
  13. ^"Population and Housing Unit Estimates". RetrievedNovember 29, 2019.
  14. ^"U.S. Census website".United States Census Bureau. RetrievedMay 14, 2011.
  15. ^"P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Cass County, Missouri".
  16. ^Geography Division (January 12, 2021).2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Cass County, MO(PDF) (Map).U.S. Census Bureau.Archived(PDF) from the original on July 22, 2022. RetrievedJuly 22, 2022. -Text list
  17. ^Breeding, Marshall."Cass County Public Library". Libraries.org. RetrievedMay 8, 2017.
  18. ^"MCC SERVICE AREAS"(PDF).Metropolitan Community College. RetrievedJune 15, 2025.
  19. ^Leip, David."Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".uselectionatlas.org. RetrievedMarch 24, 2018.

Further reading

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  • Glenn, Allen.History of Cass County, Missouri (1917)online

External links

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