Caspar Neumann | |
|---|---|
 Caspar Neumann. | |
| Born | 14 September 1648 |
| Died | 27 January 1715 |
| Nationality | German |
| Alma mater | University of Jena |
| Occupation(s) | Professor andclergyman |
Caspar (or Kaspar) Neumann (14 September 1648 – 27 January 1715) was a German professor and clergyman fromBreslau with a special scientific interest in mortality rates.
Caspar Neuman was born September 14, 1648, in Breslau, to Martin Neumann, the city tax collector.[1]The later clergyman first did an apprenticeship as a pharmacist. He finished his higher school education at Breslau's Maria-Magdalen grammar school. In 1667 he became a student of theology at theUniversity of Jena, and on 30 November 1673 was ordained as a priest, having been requested as a traveling chaplain for Prince Christian, the son ofErnest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha.[1] On his return home, following a two-year journey through western Germany, Switzerland, northern Italy, and southern France, he became a court-chaplain atAltenburg, and married the daughter of J. J. Rabe, physician in ordinary to the prince ofSaxe-Friedenstein. In 1678 he was made the deacon of St. Maria-Magdalen in Breslau and became pastor in 1689. In Breslau he married, in his second marriage, Christiana Greiffen, daughter of Christian Greiffen, merchant in Breslau, and Sophia Regina Lindsay from Annaberg im Erzgebirge, daughter of a Scottish nobleman David Lindsay, Royal Saxon Privy Councillor and Mill Administrator in Annaberg.[2]
In 1680 he published his prayer-book under the titleKern aller Gebete in Jena. In 1689 he became vicar of St. Maria Magdalen, Breslau. His observations on the city's mortality rates resulted in the treatise “Reflexionen über Leben und Tod bey denen in Breslau Geborenen und Gestorbenen” which he finally sent to Leibniz – the covering letter is documented, the text itself is lost. Leibniz seems to have informed theRoyal Society of Neumann's work. The Society's secretaryHenri Justel invited Neumann in 1691 to provide the Society with the data he had collected. Neumann sent two letters about his data to the Society in January and December, 1692. Justell responded with interest, but died in September 1693. Neumann's second letter was read out to the Society in November.Edmond Halley's computations, digesting Neumann's data, were published in 1994 in the 1693 volume of thePhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Neumann's letters, presumed lost, were rediscovered at the end of the nineteenth century in the archives of the Royal Society; they have subsequently been translated into English. As a result of Neumann's scientific research, he was elected to theBerlin Academy of Sciences in 1706.[3][4]
In 1697 Neumann was appointed inspector of the Protestant schools and churches of Breslau. He eventually became vicar of St. Elisabeth and professor of theology at both the city's grammar schools. Neumann influencedJohann Christian Kundmann (1684–1751), who later published the first German comparative study of mortality rates in theSammlung von Natur- Medizin- sowie auch dazu gehörigen Kunst- und Litteraturgeschichten (1718) ff.
Neumann left a legacy of more than 30 hymns, many of which were included in Burg'sGesang Buch (Breslau: 1746) and in the ninth edition of the BreslauVollständige Kirchen-und Haus-Music (c. 1700)[5]
He was also known for his theory that the individual Hebrew letters had "hieroglyphic" meanings. The letter aleph, for instance, representing the idea of activity, beth, the idea of three dimensions, etc. (See his workClavis Domus Heber[1], pp. 3,10.)Around 1712,Isaac Newton wrote to Neumann, acknowledging receipt of his book,Clavis Domus Heber, and congratulating him on the endeavor, but professing himself insufficiently skilled in Hebrew to make a responsible judgment as to its success.[6]
