Carvacrol may be synthetically prepared by a number of routes. The fusion ofcymolsulfonic acid with causticpotash results in desulfonation. By the action ofnitrous acid on 1-methyl-2-amino-4-propylbenzene, one effects diazotization. Prolonged heating ofcamphor andiodine orcarvone with glacialphosphoric acid have also been demonstrated. Thedehydrogenation ofcarvone with a palladium-carbon catalyst has been established.[5]
It is extracted from Origanum oil by means of a 50% potash solution. It is a thick oil that sets at -20 °C to a mass of crystals of melting point 0 °C, and boiling point 236–237 °C. Oxidation withferric chloride converts it intodicarvacrol, whilstphosphorus pentachloride transforms it intochlorcymol.[5]
^Vladić, J.; Zeković, Z.; Jokić, S.; Svilović, S.; Kovačević, S.; Vidović, S. (November 2016). "Winter savory: Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and mathematical modeling of extraction process".The Journal of Supercritical Fluids.117:89–97.doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2016.05.027.
^De Vincenzi, M.; Stammati, A.; De Vincenzi, A.; Silano, M. (2004). "Constituents of aromatic plants: Carvacrol".Fitoterapia.75 (7–8):801–804.doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2004.05.002.PMID15567271.
^abBouchra, C.; Achouri, M.; Idrissi Hassani, L. M.; Hmamouchi, M. (2003). "Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae againstBotrytis cinerea Pers: Fr".Journal of Ethnopharmacology.89 (1):165–169.doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00275-7.PMID14522450.
^Liolios, C. C.; Gortzi, O.; Lalas, S.; Tsaknis, J.; Chinou, I. (2009). "Liposomal incorporation of carvacrol and thymol isolated from the essential oil ofOriganum dictamnus L. andin vitro antimicrobial activity".Food Chemistry.112 (1):77–83.doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.060.
^abAligiannis, N.; Kalpoutzakis, E.; Mitaku, S.; Chinou, I. B. (2001). "Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of twoOriganum species".Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.49 (9):4168–4170.doi:10.1021/jf001494m.PMID11559104.
^Coşkun, Ş.; Girişgin, O.; Kürkçüoğlu, M.; Malyer, H.; Girişgin, A. O.; Kırımer, N.; Başer, K. H. (2008). "Acaricidal efficacy ofOriganum onites L. essential oil againstRhipicephalus turanicus (Ixodidae)".Parasitology Research.103 (2):259–261.doi:10.1007/s00436-008-0956-x.PMID18438729.S2CID5771248.
^Ruberto, G.; Biondi, D.; Meli, R.; Piattelli, M. (1993). "Volatile flavour components of SicilianOriganum onites L.".Flavour and Fragrance Journal.8 (4):197–200.doi:10.1002/ffj.2730080406.
^Kanias, G. D.; Souleles, C.; Loukis, A.; Philotheou-Panou, E. (1998). "Trace elements and essential oil composition in chemotypes of the aromatic plantOriganum vulgare".Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry.227 (1–2):23–31.doi:10.1007/BF02386426.S2CID94582250.
^Figiel, A.; Szumny, A.; Gutiérrez Ortiz, A.; Carbonell Barrachina, Á. A. (2010). "Composition of oregano essential oil (Origanum vulgare) as affected by drying method".Journal of Food Engineering.98 (2):240–247.doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.01.002.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Carvacrol".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 437.
