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Occupation type | Artprofession |
| Description | |
Fields of employment | Publishing |
Related jobs | Editorial cartoonist Comics creator |
Acartoonist is avisual artist who specializes in both drawing and writing[1]cartoons (individual images) orcomics (sequential images). Cartoonists differ fromcomics writers orcomics illustrators/artists in that they produce both the literary and graphic components of the work as part of their practice.
Cartoonists may work in a variety of formats, includingbooklets,comic strips,comic books,editorial cartoons,graphic novels,manuals,gag cartoons,storyboards,posters,shirts,books,advertisements,greeting cards,magazines,newspapers,webcomics, andvideo game packaging.
A cartoonist's discipline encompasses both authorial and drafting disciplines[1] (seeinterdisciplinary arts). The terms "comics illustrator", "comics artist", or "comic book artist" refer to the picture-making portion of the discipline ofcartooning[2] (seeillustrator). While every "cartoonist" might be considered a "comics illustrator", "comics artist", or a "comic book artist", not every "comics illustrator", "comics artist", or a "comic book artist" is a "cartoonist".
Ambiguity might arise when illustrators and writers share each other's duties in authoring a work.[3]
The Englishsatirist andeditorial cartoonistWilliam Hogarth, who emerged in the 18th century, poked fun at contemporary politics and customs; illustrations in such style are often referred to as "Hogarthian".[4] Following the work of Hogarth,editorial/political cartoons began to develop in England in the latter part of the 18th century under the direction of its great exponents,James Gillray andThomas Rowlandson, both from London. Gillray explored the use of the medium for lampooning andcaricature, calling the king (George III), prime ministers and generals to account, and has been referred to as the father of the political cartoon.[5]
While never a professional cartoonist,Benjamin Franklin is credited with the first cartoon published inThe Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, 1754:Join, or Die, depicting the American colonies as segments of a snake.[6][7] In the 19th century, professional cartoonists such asThomas Nast, whose work appeared inHarper's Weekly, introduced other familiar American political symbols, such as theRepublican elephant.[6]
Comic strips received widespread distribution to mainstream newspapers bysyndicates.[8]
Calum MacKenzie, in his preface to the exhibition catalog,The Scottish Cartoonists (Glasgow Print Studio Gallery, 1979) defined the selection criteria:
Many strips were the work of two people although only one signature was displayed. Shortly afterFrank Willard beganMoon Mullins in 1923, he hiredFerd Johnson as his assistant. For decades, Johnson received no credit. Willard and Johnson traveled aboutFlorida, Maine,Los Angeles, and Mexico, drawing the strip while living in hotels, apartments and farmhouses. At its peak of popularity during the 1940s and 1950s, the strip ran in 350 newspapers. According to Johnson, he had been doing the strip solo for at least a decade before Willard's death in 1958: "They put my name on it then. I had been doing it about 10 years before that because Willard had heart attacks and strokes and all that stuff. The minute my name went on that thing and his name went off, 25 papers dropped the strip. That shows you that, although I had been doing it ten years, the name means a lot."[10]
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