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Carpocyon

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Extinct genus of carnivores

Carpocyon Temporal range:Middle Miocene–Late Miocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Canidae
Subfamily:	†Borophaginae
Tribe:	†Borophagini
Subtribe:	†Borophagina
Genus:	†Carpocyon Webb, 1969
Type species
†Carpocyon limosus Webb, 1969

Range ofCarpocyon based on fossil distribution

Carpocyon is an extinct genus of theBorophaginae subfamily ofcanids native toNorth America. It lived from the Middle to the Late Miocene, 13.6 to 5.3 MaMya,^[1] existing for approximately16.5 million years. The four species in the genus varied in size, with the largest (C. webbi) being about the size of a wolf; all had relatively small teeth, suggesting a diet that was more omnivorous than that of other contemporary borophagines.^[2]

Species

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Carpocyon compressus (syn.Cynodesmus cuspidatus), fossils have been found inNevada,Nebraska,Colorado, andKansas.^[3]
Carpocyon limosus, fossils have been found inNebraska,Oklahoma, andFlorida.^[4]
Carpocyon robustus, fossils have been found inArizona,California,Colorado,South Dakota, andTexas.^[5]^[6]
Carpocyon webbi, fossils have been found inNebraska andNew Mexico.^[7]

References

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^PaleoBiology Database:Carpocyon Taxonomy, Species
^Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008).Dogs, Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. Columbia. p. 35.ISBN 978-0-231-13528-3.
^"†Carpocyon compressus Cope 1890 (bone-crushing dog)".Fossilworks. Retrieved17 December 2021.
^"†Carpocyon limosus Webb 1969 (bone-crushing dog)".Fossilworks. Retrieved17 December 2021.
^"†Carpocyon robustus Green 1948 (bone-crushing dog)".Fossilworks. Retrieved17 December 2021.
^Barnosky, Anthony; Carrasco, Marc."Holotype: UCMP 33569 Carpocyon robustus".Mio Map: Miocene Mammal Mapping Project. University of California Museum of Paleontology. Retrieved30 October 2020.
^"†Carpocyon webbi Wang et al. 1999 (bone-crushing dog)".Fossilworks. Retrieved17 December 2021.

zipcodezoo.com
The Biology and Conservation of Wild Canids By David W. Macdonald, and Claudio Sillero-ZubiriISBN 0-19-851555-3
Flynn, J.J., 1998. Early Cenozoic Carnivora ("Miacoidea"). pp. 110–123in C.M. Janis, K.M. Scott, and L.L. Jacobs (eds.)Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.ISBN 0-521-35519-2

ExtinctCanidae

KingdomAnimalia
PhylumChordata
ClassMammalia
Order:Carnivora
Suborder:Caniformia

Canidae

†Prohesperocyon

†Hesperocyoninae

Hesperocyon Mesocyon Cynodesmus Sunkahetanka Philotrox Enhydrocyon Paraenhydrocyon Caedocyon Ectopocynus
Osbornodon	O. brachypus O. fricki O. iamonensis O. renjiei O. sesnoni O. scitulus O. wangi

†Borophaginae

Phlaocyonini

Cynarctoides
Phlaocyon	P. achoros P. annectens P. latidens P. leucosteus P. mariae P. marslandensis P. minor P. multicuspus P. taylori P. yatkolai

Borophagini

Cynarctina

Paracynarctus
Cynarctus

Aelurodontina

Tomarctus
Aelurodon

Borophagina

Paratomarctus Carpocyon Protepicyon Epicyon
Borophagus	B. diversidens B. dudleyi B. hilli B. littoralis B. orc B. parvus B. pugnator B. secundus

Caninae	see below↓

Caninae

†Leptocyon
†Metalopex

Urocyon	†U. citrinus †U. galushai †U. minicephalus †U. progressus †U. webbi

Vulpini

†Ferrucyon †Prototocyon
Nyctereutes (raccoon dogs)	†N. abdeslami †N. donnezani †N. lockwoodi †N. megamastoides †N. sinensis †N. tingi †N. vinetorum
Vulpes (true foxes)	†V. hassani †V. odessana †V. praeglacialis †V. qiuzhudingi †V. riffautae †V. rooki †V. skinneri †V. stenognathus

Canini(true dogs)

†Canis gezi
†Nurocyon

Cerdocyonina
(zorro)

†Protocyon †Theriodictis
Speothos	†Pleistocene bush dog (S. pacivorus)
†Dusicyon	Falkland Islands wolf (D. australis) D. avus D. cultridens
Lycalopex (South American foxes)	†L. cultridens (?) †L. ensenadensis

Canina(wolf-like canids)	see below↓

Falkland Islands wolf (Dusicyon australis)

Canina(wolf-like canids)

Canina

†Eucyon	E. davisi E. debonisi E. ferox E. intrepidus E. khoikhoi E. kuta E. marinae E. minor E. monticinensis E. skinneri E. wokari E. zhoui
Lycaon	†L. magnus †L. sekowei
Dhole (Cuon alpinus)	†C. a. antiquus †C. a. caucasicus †European dhole (C. a. europaeus) †Tien Shan dhole (C. a. hesperius)

Canis

Coyote (C. latrans)	†Pleistocene coyote (C. l. orcutti)
Red wolf (C. rufus)	†Florida black wolf (C. r. floridanus) †Gregory's wolf (C. r. gregoryi)

Wolf (C. lupus)

†Prehistoric

†Recently
extinct

Sicilian wolf (C. l. cristaldii) Hokkaido wolf (C. l. hattai) Japanese wolf (C. l. hodophilax) Austro-Hungarian wolf
Synonymized underC. l. arctos:Bernard's wolf (C. l. bernardi)
Synonymized underC. l. occidentalis:Kenai Peninsula wolf (C. l. alces) Manitoba wolf (C. l. griseoalbus)
Synonymized underC. l. nubilus:Newfoundland wolf (C. l. beothucus) Cascade mountain wolf (C. l. fuscus) Mogollon mountain wolf (C. l. mogollonensis) Texas wolf (C. l. monstrabilis) Southern Rocky Mountain wolf (C. l. youngi)