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| Trade names | Spasmium, Tinnitin, Tinnex |
| Routes of administration | By mouth |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.164.389 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C22H27N3O2 |
| Molar mass | 365.477 g·mol−1 |
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Caroverine is anantispasmodic drug used in Austria and Switzerland to relievespasms insmooth muscles, as well as to treatcerebrovascular diseases andtinnitus.[1]
Chemically, it is a quinoxalineone[2] and is available in both abase andhydrochloric acid forms.[1]
Pharmacologically, it has been described as a nonspecificcalcium channel blocker and as anantagonist of theNMDA receptor and other receptors.[3][4]
It was discovered in Austria in the 1950s[3] and wasdeveloped by Austrian company Phafag AG.[3]
Itsinternational nonproprietary name (INN), caroverine, was proposed in 1972.[5]
As of 2018, it was marketed under the brand names Spasmium and Tinnitin in Austria, and under the brand Tinnex in India.[6]
An intravenous formulation was tested in a single-blinded study in tinnitus that published in 1997 and had positive results; an effort to replicate those results failed to show any effect,[4] and more people had their condition worsen than experienced benefit.[3] Pilot studies using a spray formulation for tinnitus published in 2005.[7]
In 2010 Phafag licensed rights to caroverine to the Indian company, Lincoln Pharmaceuticals, to develop the drug for tinnitus in India.[8] Lincoln first marketed it for that purpose in India in 2011.[9]
As of 2016 it had been studied in a small clinical trial in people withloss of the sense of smell.[10]