Caroline Ferguson Gordon (October 6, 1895 – April 11, 1981) was an American novelist andliterary critic who, while still in her thirties, received aGuggenheim Fellowship in 1932 and anO. Henry Award in 1934.
Gordon was born and raised inTodd County, Kentucky at her family's plantation home, "Woodstock". She was educated at her father's Clarksville Classical School for Boys inMontgomery County, Tennessee. In 1916, Gordon graduated fromBethany College and became a writer ofsociety news for theChattanooga Reporter newspaper inChattanooga, Tennessee.[1]
In the summer of 1924, Gordon returned home to Kentucky, when she met the poetAllen Tate. She moved with Tate to New York City, where they first lived together inGreenwich Village. They later shared a house withHart Crane inPatterson, New York. Tate and Gordon wed in New York City on May 15, 1925, and their daughter Nancy was born in September 1925. In 1928, the family traveled to Europe, where they spent the next two years.
After returning from Europe in 1930, Gordon and her family moved to BenFolly, a house they purchased inClarksville, Tennessee, with the assistance of Tate's brother Ben. Gordon and Tate entertained literary notables such asRobert Lowell, who camped on their lawn one summer. Other visitors includedF. Scott Fitzgerald,Ernest Hemingway,William Faulkner,Flannery O'Connor,T. S. Eliot, Robert Penn Warren, andFord Madox Ford. Ford served as a mentor to Gordon, counseling her on her literary work and prodding her into completing her first novelPenhally, published in 1931.[1] Gordon received theGuggenheim and theO. Henry during this early period. The O. Henry was a unique second-place prize awarded for her 1934 short story "Old Red", published inScribner's Magazine.[2] Gordon's early fiction was influenced by her association with theSouthern Agrarians.[3] Paul V. Murphy writes that she "exhibited a southern nostalgia as strong as any member of the group, includingDavidson, the most unreconstructed of the Agrarians".[4] Between 1934 and 1972, Gordon published nine additional novels, five written during the late 1930s andWorld War II.
Tate and Gordon moved toMonteagle, Tennessee, in 1942. At some point in the 1940s, they moved toPrinceton, New Jersey, to a house they named BenBrackets. In 1945, Gordon and Tate divorced, but they remarried in 1946 and moved back to New York City.
Gordon became a friend and mentor to novelistsWalker Percy andFlannery O'Connor. Gordon also became a close friend of authorBrainard Cheney and his wife,Frances (Fanny) Neel Cheney. Brainard Cheney considered Gordon to be his "literary mentor." According to Cheney, she taught him to write literature as compared to his previous occupation as acrime reporter. On November 24, 1947, Gordon converted toCatholicism. Influenced by Gordon, the Cheneys also converted to Catholicism. Gordon introduced the couple to Flannery O'Connor, with whom they became close friends. She corresponded with literary criticM. Bernetta Quinn.[5][6][7]
Gordon divorced Tate in 1959 on grounds of desertion. Tate remarried four days later, but he and Gordon remained correspondents and friends until Tate's death in 1979.
In her later years, Gordon moved toSan Cristóbal de las Casas inChiapas,Mexico. On March 1, 1981, she suffered a stroke. Gordon died six weeks later, following surgery, at age 85.
| Title | Publication | Collected in |
|---|---|---|
| "Summer Dust" | Gyroscope (November 1929) | The Forest of the South |
| "The Long Day" | Gyroscope (February 1930) | |
| "The Ice House" | Hound & Horn (July–September 1931) | |
| "Mr. Powers" | Scribner's Magazine (November 1931) | |
| "The Captive" | Hound & Horn (October–December 1932) | |
| "Tom Rivers" | The Yale Review (October 1933) | |
| "Old Red" | The Criterion (October 1933) | |
| "To Thy Chamber Window, Sweet" | Scribner's Magazine (December 1934) | |
| "The Last Day in the Field" | Scribner's Magazine (March 1935) | |
| "One More Time" | Scribner's Magazine (December 1935) | |
| "B From Bull's Foot" (withNash Buckingham) | Scribner's Magazine (August 1936) | - |
| "The Brilliant Leaves" | Mademoiselle (November 1937) | The Forest of the South |
| "The Enemies" a.k.a. "The Enemy" | The Southern Review (Spring 1938) | |
| "Her Quaint Honour" a.k.a. "Frankie and Thomas and Bud Asbury" | The Southern Review (Spring 1939) | |
| "The Forest of the South" | Maryland Quarterly #1 (1944) | |
| "All Lovers Love the Spring" | Mademoiselle (February 1944) | |
| "Hear the Nightingale Sing" | Harper's Magazine (June 1945) | |
| "The Burning Eyes" | The Forest of the South (1945) | |
| "The Olive Garden" | The Sewanee Review (October–December 1945) | The Collected Stories of Caroline Gordon |
| "The Petrified Woman" | Mademoiselle (September 1947) | Old Red and Other Stories |
| "The Presence" | Harper's Bazaar (October 1948) | |
| "The Waterfall" | The Sewanee Review (October–December 1950) | The Collected Stories of Caroline Gordon |
| "Emmanuele! Emmanuele!" | The Sewanee Review (Spring 1954) | Old Red and Other Stories |
| "One Against Thebes" a.k.a. "The Dragon's Teeth" | Shenandoah (Autumn 1961) | |
| "A Walk with the Accuser" | The Southern Review (Summer 1977) | The Collected Stories of Caroline Gordon |
