Carole King Klein[3] (bornCarol Joan Klein; February 9, 1942) is an American singer-songwriter and musician renowned for her extensive contributions to popular music. She wrote or co-wrote 118 songs that charted on theBillboard Hot 100 during the latter half of the 20th century and 61 songs that reached the UK charts, establishing her as the most successful female songwriter on the UK singles charts from 1962 to 2005.[4][5][6]
In the 1960s, King and her first husband,Gerry Goffin, composed over two dozen hit songs for various artists, many of which remainstandards. She transitioned to a solo performing career in the 1970s, following her debut albumWriter (1970) with the critically acclaimedTapestry (1971), which topped theU.S. album chart for 15 weeks and stayed on the charts for over six years.[7]
King was born Carol Joan Klein on February 9, 1942, inManhattan, New York City, to Jewish parents Eugenia (née Cammer), a teacher, and Sidney N. Klein, a firefighter.[12][13][14][15]
King's parents met in an elevator in 1936 atBrooklyn College, where her father was a chemistry major and her mother was an English and drama major.[16]: 10 They married in 1937 during the last years of theGreat Depression.[16]: 10 King's mother dropped out of college to run the household; her father also quit college and briefly took a job as a radio announcer.[16]: 10 With the economy struggling, he then took a more secure job as a firefighter.[16]: 10 After King was born, her parents settled in Brooklyn and were eventually able to buy a small two-story duplex where they could rent out the upstairs for income.[17][18]
King's mother had learned to play piano as a child and would sometimes practice after buying a piano. When King developed an insatiable curiosity about music when she was three, her mother began teaching her basic piano skills without giving her actual lessons.[16]: 14 When King was four, her parents discovered she hadabsolute pitch,[19] which enabled her to name a note correctly just by hearing it.[16]: 14 King's father enjoyed showing off his daughter's skill to visiting friends: "My dad's smile was so broad that it encompassed the lower half of his face. I enjoyed making my father happy and getting the notes right."[16]: 15
King's mother began giving her real music lessons when she was four[16]: 16 with King climbing the stool, made higher still by a phone book.[20] With her mother sitting beside her, King learned music theory and elementary piano technique, including how to read notation and execute proper note timing. King wanted to learn as much as possible: "My mother never forced me to practice. She didn't have to. I wanted so much to master the popular songs that poured out of the radio."[16]: 16
King began kindergarten when she was four, and after her first year, she was promoted directly to second grade, showing an exceptional facility with words and numbers.[16]: 16 In the 1950s, she attendedJames Madison High School in theMidwood section of Brooklyn. She formed a band called the Co-Sines, changed her name from Carol Klein to Carole King, and made demo records with her friendPaul Simon for $25 a session.[21][22] Her first official recording was the promotional single "The Right Girl", released byABC-Paramount in 1958, which she wrote and sang to an arrangement byDon Costa.[23]
King attendedQueens College, where she metGerry Goffin, who was to become her songwriting partner. When she was 17, they married in a Jewish ceremony on Long Island in August 1959 after King became pregnant with her first daughter,Louise.[24][25] They quit college and took day jobs, Goffin working as an assistant chemist and King as a secretary.[26] They wrote songs together in the evening.[27]
Neil Sedaka, who had dated King when he was still in high school,[28] had a hit in 1959 with "Oh! Carol". Goffin took the tune and wrote the playful response, "Oh! Neil", which King recorded and released as a single the same year. The B-side contained the Goffin-King song "A Very Special Boy".[29][30] The single was not a success.[31] After writingthe Shirelles' 1960Billboard No. 1 hit, "Will You Love Me Tomorrow" —the first No. 1 by a black girl group[32]—Goffin and King gave up their daytime jobs to concentrate on writing.[33][34] "Will You Love Me Tomorrow" became a pop standard.[35][36]
In the 1960s, with King composing the music and Goffin writing the lyrics, the two wrotea string of classic songs for a variety of artists.[37] King and Goffin were also the songwriting team behind Don Kirshner'sDimension Records, which produced songs including "Chains" (later recorded bythe Everly Brothers andthe Beatles), "The Loco-Motion", "Keep Your Hands off My Baby" (both for their babysitterLittle Eva), and "It Might as Well Rain Until September" which King recorded herself in 1962—her first success, which charted at 22 in the US and 3 in the UK (where it was her all-time greatest hit).[38] King recorded a few follow-up singles in the wake of "September", with none charting particularly well; by 1966, her already sporadic recording career was entirely abandoned – albeit temporarily.
By 1968, Goffin and King were divorced and not keeping in contact.[24] King moved toLaurel Canyon, Los Angeles, with her two daughters, and reactivated her recording career by forming "The City", a music trio consisting of bassist Charles Larkey (her future husband) andDanny Kortchmar on guitar and vocals, with King herself on piano and vocals.[37][43][44] The City produced one album,Now That Everything's Been Said (1968), but King's reluctance to perform live meant promotion and sales were limited.[45] A change of distributors meant that the album was quickly deleted, and the group disbanded in 1969.[46] The album was rediscovered byClassic Rock radio in the early 1980s, with the cut "Snow Queen" receiving nominal airplay for a few years. Cleveland'sWMMS played it every few weeks between 1981 and 1985, and the long-out-of-printLP became sought after by fans of King who liked the edgy sound of the music.[citation needed]
While living in Laurel Canyon, King metJames Taylor andJoni Mitchell, as well as Toni Stern, with whom she collaborated.[21] King released her debut solo album,Writer, in 1970 forLou Adler'sOde label, with Taylor playing acoustic guitar and providing backing vocals.[47] It peaked at No. 84 on theBillboard Top 200. That same year, King played keyboard onB.B. King's albumIndianola Mississippi Seeds.
King followed upWriter with her sophomore effortTapestry (1971), which featured new songs as well as renewed versions of "Will You Love Me Tomorrow" and "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman". The album was recorded concurrently with Taylor'sMud Slide Slim, with an overlapping set of musicians including King,Danny Kortchmar and Joni Mitchell. Both albums included "You've Got a Friend", which was a No. 1 hit for Taylor; King said in a 1972 interview that she "didn't write it with James or anybody really specifically in mind. But when James heard it he really liked it and wanted to record it".[48]
Tapestry was an instant success. With numerous hit singles—including aBillboard No. 1 with "It's Too Late"—Tapestry held the #1 spot on the albums chart for 15 consecutive weeks, remained on the charts for nearly six years, and has sold over 30 million copies worldwide.[49][50] The album garnered fourGrammy Awards, includingAlbum of the Year, Best Pop Vocal Performance (Female), Record of the Year ("It's Too Late", lyrics by Toni Stern), andSong of the Year, with King becoming the first woman to win the award (for "You've Got a Friend"). The album appeared onRolling Stone's500 Greatest Albums of All Time list at No. 36.[51] In addition, "It's Too Late" was ranked No. 469 on the magazine's list of the500 Greatest Songs of All Time.
Music was released in December 1971 and subsequently certified gold on December 9. It entered the top ten at No. 8, withTapestry andCarole King: Music simultaneously occupying the top 10 for many weeks. The following week,Tapestry rose to No. 3 before ascending to the top of the chart on January 1, 1972, staying there for three weeks. The album also spawned a top-ten hit with "Sweet Seasons" (US #9 and AC #2).Carole King: Music stayed on theBillboard pop album charts for 44 weeks and was eventually certified platinum.
Rhymes and Reasons (1972) andFantasy (1973) followed, each record earning gold certifications.Rhymes and Reasons produced another successful single, "Been to Canaan" (US #24 and AC #1), andFantasy produced two, "Believe in Humanity" (US #28) and "Corazon" (US #37 and AC #5), as well as another song that charted on the Hot 100, "You Light Up My Life" (US #67 and AC #6).
On a Saturday May 26, 1973, King performed a free concert in New York City'sCentral Park for at least 100,000 people.[52][53] The concert was recorded for the filmCarole King: Home Again - Live in Central Park.[54]
In September 1974, King released her albumWrap Around Joy, which was certified gold on October 16, 1974, and entered the top ten at No. 7 on October 19, 1974. Two weeks later, it became King's third album to reach No. 1.Wrap Around Joy spawned two singles, "Jazzman" and "Nightingale". "Jazzman" peaked at No. 2 on November 9 but fell out of the top ten the next week; "Nightingale" peaked at No. 9 on March 1, 1975.
In 1975, King scored and recorded songs for the children's animated TV production ofMaurice Sendak'sReally Rosie, released as an album by the same name, with lyrics by Sendak.
Thoroughbred (1976) was the last studio album King released under the Ode label.[55] In addition to enlisting long-time friends (such asDavid Crosby,Graham Nash, James Taylor, andWaddy Wachtel), King reunited with ex Gerry Goffin to write four songs for the album. Their partnership continued intermittently. King also did a promotional tour for the album in 1976.
In 1977, King collaborated with another songwriter, Rick Evers, onSimple Things, the first release with a new label distributed byCapitol Records. Shortly after that, King and Evers were married; he died of acocaine overdose, one year later, while King and her daughter, Sherry, were in Hawaii.Simple Things was her first album that failed to reach the top ten on theBillboard sinceTapestry, and it was her last gold-certified record by theRIAA, except for a compilation album,Her Greatest Hits (1978), andLive at the Troubadour (2010).
Despite its gold-certified record status,Simple Things was named "The Worst Album of 1977" byRolling Stone magazine.[24]: 394 NeitherWelcome Home (1978)—her debut as a co-producer on an album—norTouch the Sky (1979) entered theBillboard 100.Pearls – The Songs of Goffin and King (1980) yielded a hit single, an updated version of "One Fine Day".
King moved toAtlantic Records forOne to One (1982) andSpeeding Time in 1983, which was a reunion withTapestry-era producerLou Adler. After a well-received concert tour in 1984, journalist Catherine Foster ofThe Christian Science Monitor dubbed King "a Queen of Rock". She also called King's performance "all spunk and exuberance."[57]
In 1985, she wrote and performed "Care-A-Lot", the theme toThe Care Bears Movie, and she wrote and performed "Home Is In Your Heart". Also in 1985, she scored and performed (withDavid Sanborn) the soundtrack to theMartin Ritt-directed movieMurphy's Romance. The soundtrack, again produced by Adler, included the songs "Running Lonely" and "Love For The Last Time (Theme from 'Murphy's Romance')", although a soundtrack album was apparently never officially released.[58] King made a cameo appearance in the film as Tillie, a town hall employee.[58]
In 1988, she starred in the off-Broadway productionA Minor Incident. In 1989, she returned to Capitol Records and recordedCity Streets, withEric Clapton on two tracks andBranford Marsalis on one.
In 2000, King was asked to record a version of her hit song "Where You Lead" as the theme song for the showGilmore Girls. She rewrote a few lyrics to fit the mother-daughter story. She often performs this song with her daughter,Louise Goffin. She rarely performed the song after its original release due to the rise in theWomen's liberation movement and falling out of favor of the sentiment behind the lyrics. King agreed to revamp the song to be, "something more relevant." The song became strongly associated with female friendships and family members.[62]
In 2001, King appeared in a television ad forthe Gap with her daughter.[63] She performed a new song, "Love Makes the World", which became a title track for her studio album in autumn 2001 on her own label, Rockingale, distributed by Koch Records. The album includes songs she wrote for other artists during the mid-1990s and features Celine Dion,Steven Tyler,Babyface, andk.d. lang.Love Makes the World went to 158 in the US and No. 86 in the UK. It also debuted onBillboard′s Top Independent Albums chart and Top Internet Albums chart at No. 20.[9][64][65] An expanded edition of the album was issued six years later calledLove Makes the World Deluxe Edition. It contains a bonus disc with five additional tracks, including a remake of "Where You Lead (I Will Follow)" co-written with Toni Stern.[66]
The same year, King and Stern wrote "Sayonara Dance", recorded byYuki, former lead vocalist of the Japanese bandJudy and Mary, on her first solo albumPrismic the following year. Also in 2001, King composed a song forAll About Chemistry album bySemisonic, with the band's frontmanDan Wilson.
King launched her Living Room Tour in July 2004 at theAuditorium Theatre in Chicago. That show, along with shows at theGreek Theater in Los Angeles and the Cape Cod Melody Tent (Hyannis, Massachusetts), were recorded asThe Living Room Tour in July 2005. The album sold 44,000 copies in its first week in the US, landing at 17 on theBillboard 200, her highest-charting album since 1977. The album also charted at 51 in Australia. It has sold 330,000 copies in the United States.[67][68][69] In August 2006 the album re-entered theBillboard 200 at 151.[70] The tour stopped in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. A DVD of the tour,Welcome to My Living Room, was released in October 2007.[71]
In 2010 King andJames Taylor staged theirTroubadour Reunion Tour together, recalling the first time they played atThe Troubadour, West Hollywood in 1970. The pair had reunited to mark the club's 50th anniversary two and a half years earlier in 2007 with the band they used in 1970. They enjoyed it so much that they decided to take the band on the road for 2010. The touring band featured players from that original band:Russ Kunkel,Leland Sklar, andDanny Kortchmar. Also present was King's son-in-law,Robbie Kondor and Taylor's three backing singers. King played piano and Taylor guitar on each other's songs, and they together sang some of the numbers they were both associated with. The tour began in Australia in March, returning to the United States in May. It was a major commercial success, with King playing to some of the largest audiences of her career. Total ticket sales exceeded 700,000 and the tour grossed over 59 million dollars, making it one of the most successful tours of the year.[72]
During their Troubadour Reunion Tour, King released two albums, one of new material recorded with Taylor. The first, released in April 2010,The Essential Carole King, was a compilation album of King's work and artists covering her songs.[73] The second album,Live at the Troubadour was released in May 2010, a collaboration between King and Taylor. It debuted at No.4 in the United States with sales of 78,000 copies.Live at the Troubadour has since received a gold record from theRIAA for shipments of over 500,000 copies in the US and remained on the charts for 34 weeks.[74]
King's mother, Eugenia Gingold, died in December 2010 inDelray Beach, Florida aged 94, from congestive heart failure.[75]
In the fall of 2011, King releasedA Holiday Carole, an album of Christmas music and new songs written by her daughter Louise Goffin who co-produced the album. The album received a Grammy nomination for Best Traditional Pop Album.[76]
In May 2012, King announced her retirement from music. King herself doubted she would ever write another song and said that her 2010 Troubadour Reunion Tour with James Taylor was probably the last tour of her life, saying that it "was a good way to go out." King also said she will most likely not be writing or recording any new music.[79][80] Later that month, she wrote on her Facebook page that she never said she was actually retiring and insisted that she was taking a break. Carole campaigned for IdahoanNicole LeFavour andBarack Obama in 2012.
Early in December 2012, King received a star on theHollywood Walk of Fame.[81] In 2012 she was given the benefit concert 'Painted Turtle – a celebration of Carole King'.[82] King also did an Australian tour in February 2013.[83] Following theBoston Marathon bombing, she performed in Boston with James Taylor to help victims of the bombing.[84]
Carole King has been one of the most influential songwriters of our time. For more than five decades, she has written for and been recorded by many different types of artists for a wide range of audiences, communicating with beauty and dignity the universal human emotions of love, joy, pain and loss. Her body of work reflects the spirit of the Gershwin Prize with its originality, longevity and diversity of appeal.
In late 2012, the Library of Congress announced that King had been named the 2013 recipient of the Gershwin Prize for Popular Song[86]—the first woman to receive the distinction given to songwriters for a body of work. President Barack Obama andMichelle Obama hosted the award concert at theWhite House on May 22, 2013, with the President presenting the prize and reading the citation.[87] In May 2013, Carole King received an Honorary Doctorate of Music fromBerklee College of Music.[88] In June 2013, she campaigned in Massachusetts for US RepresentativeEd Markey, the Democratic nominee in a special election for the US Senate to succeed John Kerry who had resigned to become Secretary of State.
In 2016, King was the headline performer at theBritish Summer Time Festival held inHyde Park, London, on July 3, 2016, playing all ofTapestry live for the first time. An album of the concert was released in 2017.[90]
In October 2018, King released a new version of her song, "One". In her first new recording since 2011, she was inspired to re-write the lyrics to her song "One" (originally on her 1977 albumSimple Things) as "One (2018)" to reflect her dream for America in the2018 United States elections, as "Love won".[91]
King has appeared occasionally in acting roles. One of her earliest was in 1975 when she was the speaking and singing voice of the title character inReally Rosie, an animated TV special based on the works ofMaurice Sendak. Also in 1975, she appeared (credited under her married name, Carole Larkey) onThe Mary Tyler Moore Show in the episode "Anyone Who Hates Kids and Dogs". In 1984, she starred alongsideTatum O'Neal,Hoyt Axton,Alex Karras, andJohn Lithgow in theFaerie Tale Theatre episodeGoldilocks and the Three Bears. She later made three appearances as guest star on the TV seriesGilmore Girls as Sophie, the owner of theStars Hollow music store. King's song "Where You Lead (I Will Follow)" was also the theme song to the series, in a version sung with her daughter Louise.[92] She reprised the role in the 2016 Gilmore Girls Netflix revival,Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life. King also appeared as Mrs. Johnstone as a replacement in the original Broadway production ofBlood Brothers.
King has been married four times:Gerry Goffin, Charles Larkey, Rick Evers, and Rick Sorenson. In her 2012 memoir, King wrote Evers physically abused her on a regular basis.[16]: 282 Evers died of a cocaine overdose days after they separated in 1978.[16]
After relocating toIdaho in 1977, King became involved in environmental issues. Since 1990, she has been working with the Alliance for the Wild Rockies and other groups towards the passage of theNorthern Rockies Ecosystem Protection Act (NREPA). King has testified on Capitol Hill three times on behalf of NREPA: in 1994, 2007, and again in 2009.[95][96]
King is also a supporter of theDemocratic Party. In 2003, she began campaigning forJohn Kerry, performing in private homes for caucus delegates during the Democratic primaries. On July 29, 2004, she made a short speech and sang at theDemocratic National Convention about two hours before Kerry made his acceptance speech for the Democratic nomination for president.[97] King continued her support of Kerry throughout the general election. When Kerry was named Secretary of State in 2013, she campaigned with US Representative Ed Markey, the Democratic nominee to succeed Kerry in a special election.
In 2008, King appeared on the March 18 episode ofThe Colbert Report, touching on her politics again. She said she was supportingHillary Clinton and said the choice had nothing to do with gender. She also said she would have no issues ifBarack Obama won the election. Before the show's conclusion, she returned to the stage to perform "I Feel the Earth Move".[98]
On January 21, 2017, King marched in the2017 Women's March inStanley, Idaho, carrying a sign that said "One Small Voice." In an op-ed forThe Huffington Post, she wrote she carried that message because "I've never stopped believing that one small voice plus millions of other small voices is exactly how we change the world."[100]
FormerMonkeeMicky Dolenz releasedKing for a Day, a tribute album consisting of songs written or co-written by King, in 2010.[102] The album includes "Sometime in the Morning", a King-penned song originally recorded by the Monkees in 1967. Dolenz had previously recorded another of King's Monkees compositions, "Porpoise Song", on his lullaby-themed CDMicky Dolenz Puts You to Sleep.[103]
Many other cover versions of King's work have appeared over the years. Among the most notable are:
Helen Reddy covered two Carole King penned tunes: the first was "No Sad Song" in 1971 (number 62); the second was "I Can't Hear You No More" in 1976, combined with "Music Is My Life" to reach number 29.[104]
The Carpenters recorded King's "It's Going to Take Some Time" in 1972 and reached number 12 on theBillboard charts.
Celine Dion recorded King's song "The Reason" on her 1997 albumLet's Talk About Love with Carole King singing backup. The remake was certified Diamond in France.
"Where You Lead" (lyrics by Toni Stern), re-recorded to include King's daughter, became the title song of the TV showGilmore Girls.
The Crusaders had an instrumental hit with "So Far Away", rising to number 39 in 1972 on the AC Chart.[107]
"Locomotion" was recorded byKylie Minogue, having success and starting off a long career in the music industry.
In 1996, a film very loosely based on King's life,Grace of My Heart, was written and directed byAllison Anders. In the film, an aspiring singer sacrifices her own singing career to write hit songs that launch the careers of other singers. Mirroring King's life, the film follows her from her first break, through the pain of rejection from the recording industry and a bad marriage, to her final triumph in realizing her dream to record her own hit album.[108]
The story includes material and characters loosely based on King's songwriting colleagues, as well as the singers for whom they wrote their material, and various producers involved in the creative environment that existed at theBrill Building from 1958 to 1964 and in the California music scene from 1965 to 1971.
On December 6, 2015, she was honored at theKennedy Center Honors for her lifetime contribution toAmerican culture through the performing arts, with performances that included a notable tribute from Aretha Franklin.[122][123]
In 2021, King was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist.[10]
^Carole King pitchfork.com Retrieved 07 November 2023
^Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (November 4, 2014)."Our People Our Traditions".Finding Your Roots. Season 2. Episode 7. PBS.Archived from the original on July 22, 2019. RetrievedJuly 22, 2019.Actually I am still 'Klein', I've incorporated that my legal name now is 'Carole King Klein'. You know, I went through four marriages and changed my name every single time, and then I finally came back to 'no, I'm Klein!'.
^abcWeller, Sheila (2008).Girls Like Us: Carole King, Joni Mitchell, Carly Simon-and the Journey of a Generation. New York: Washington Square Press.ISBN978-0-7434-9147-1.
^Pollak, Michael (October 17, 2004)."A Song in Its Heart".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331. RetrievedJuly 12, 2023."Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil ("On Broadway"), Neil Sedaka and Howard Greenfield ("Breaking Up Is Hard to Do") and Gerry Goffin and Carole King ("Will You Love Me Tomorrow?") were among those who worked at No. 1650.
^Weller, Sheila.Girls Like Us: Carole King, Joni Mitchell, Carly Simon-and the Journey of a Generation New York, Washington Square Press, 2008.ISBN978-0-7434-9147-1