Sainz was born inMadrid. Before moving into motorsport, he played football and squash. At the age of 11, he got his first driving experience in his sister Carmen's newly boughtSEAT 600.[5][6]As a teenager,Real Madrid gave him a trial and in squash he was the Spanish champion at the age of 16. While on a road trip organized with some friends to the Alps, Sainz demonstrated his early driving skills in his friend's and later to be first co-pilot Juanjo Lacalle'sSEAT 131 on the snow-capped mountain roads, that the latter impressed promised him he would be the co-pilot in his first race.[7]
Sainz got his first touch of motorsport inFormula Ford while still playing squash and football.[8] Before dedicating himself to motorsport, Sainz studied law up to the second scheduled cycle.[9]
Sainz began rallying in 1980. In 1981 he won his first Rally Championship in the inaugural season of the'Copa Panda' one-make rally series launched bySEAT and addressed to young drivers aiming to come close to the motorsport experience.[10][11] After being invited to compete against other pilots also winners of competitions with the Spanish brand, he became in 1982 SEAT's official pilot behind the wheel of aGroup 2SEAT Panda rally car participating in Spanish Championship Rallies.[12]
Ford gave Sainz his first World Rally championship appearances during the1987 season. He finished seventh in theTour de Corse and eighth on theRAC Rally. He remained with Ford for thefollowing season, now co-driven by Luis Moya, who remained his regular co-driver for the next fifteen years. He finished fifth twice, in the Tour de Corse and theRallye Sanremo, and seventh on an icy RAC Rally.
Ford were an increasingly minor player in the World Rally Championship, with the rear-wheel-drive Sierra uncompetitive against the four-wheel-drive cars, and struggled to retain ambitious and talented young drivers such as Sainz and his teammate in 1988,Didier Auriol. Both departed the team for 1989; Auriol to Lancia and Sainz toToyota Team Europe, the Japanese marque's rallying arm operating inCologne, Germany.
1992 Toyota Celica GT-Four Carlos Sainz Limited Edition
Despite all previous rallyingToyota Celicas having only ever looked a competitive prospect on highly specialized endurance rallies such as theSafari Rally, the new combination of Toyota and Sainz rapidly rose in competitiveness. In the1989 season, Sainz started with four retirements but then finished on the podium in three rallies in a row. His teammate, by then two-time world championJuha Kankkunen, also gave theCelica GT-Four ST165 its debut win at the inauguralRally Australia. Sainz would almost certainly have won his first World Championship Rally on the final event of the season, the RAC Rally, but for mechanical failure in the final stages, which relegated him to second.
In1991, Sainz narrowly failed to defend his title against a resurgent Lancia-mounted Kankkunen, his efforts capped by a dramatic roll of his Celica in Australia which left him in a neckbrace. Both Sainz and Kankkunen took five wins, the first time in the history of the WRC that two drivers had managed such a win tally during one season. Sainz led Kankkunen by one point going into the final round of the season, the RAC Rally, where Kankkunen took his third title by winning ahead ofKenneth Eriksson and Sainz. Kankkunen's and Sainz's point totals, 150 and 143, both broke the record set by Sainz a year earlier (140).
Aboard the new ST185 Toyota Celica in the1992 season, in a year that would prove the last for the foreseeable future for Lancia, Sainz managed to score memorable victories on the Safari Rally and on his home asphalt round, theRally Catalunya. The title fight again went down to the wire, and this time in a three-way battle; before the RAC, Sainz led Kankkunen by two points and Auriol, who had taken a record six wins during the season, by three points. Sainz's victory ahead ofAri Vatanen and Kankkunen, combined with Auriol's retirement, confirmed the title in favour of the Spaniard.
A limited number of 440 Celica GT-Four ST185s, carrying Sainz's name on a plaque in the vehicle, and with decals on the outside, were sold in the United Kingdom in 1992 in an attempt to capitalise on Sainz's two championship successes with the works team. These were the part of the 5,000 units of ST185 for WRChomologation. It is said that Sainz still keeps a Celica GT-Four given to him by Toyota, which he drives toReal Madrid games at theSantiago Bernabéu Stadium.
Despite winning the world title, Sainz left Toyota at the end of 1992, mainly because for the1993 season the team was to be sponsored byCastrol, a rival to Sainz's personal sponsor,Repsol. Sainz therefore moved to the private butLancia-backedJolly Club. Lancia had won the manufacturers' championship for the previous six years, but the Delta was an ageing design and technical developments during the season were minor, despite assurances given to Sainz that development would continue. The Delta lost ground to newer cars, and became less and less competitive as 1993 wore on. Sainz's only podium finish was his second place at theAcropolis Rally. He finished second on theSan Remo Rally, but he and his teammate were later disqualified for using illegal fuel.[14] He finished eighth in the drivers' championship, which was won by Toyota driverJuha Kankkunen. Lancia withdrew from the sport altogether at the end of the season.
Sainz then chose to drive for the then fledglingSubaru World Rally Team in1994, where he replacedAri Vatanen. Sainz's experience, perfectionism and abilities as a development driver played a vital role in developing the then-new Impreza to the point where it could mount a sustained challenge to Toyota and Ford. Indeed, in the hands of Sainz andColin McRae the Subarus were frequently faster than the Fords during the season. Toyota won the manufacturers' title, but the drivers' championship was only settled on the final round, with Didier Auriol winning ahead of Sainz. In the1995 season, he won theMonte Carlo Rally, theRally Portugal and theRally Catalunya. At this latter event he was trailing his teammateColin McRae until the team ordered the Scotsman to slow down and allow Sainz to win, which led to a dispute between the drivers. Nevertheless, they were tied for the lead in the drivers' world championship going into the season-endingRAC Rally. McRae won his home event 36 seconds ahead of Sainz, despite losing time with mechanical difficulties that at one stage had put him two minutes behind. Subaru secured their first manufacturers' title with a triple win as the team's second young Briton,Richard Burns, finished third. Sainz was later to join McRae at both Ford and Citroën.
Sainz was supposed to return to Toyota for1996 season, however theToyota Team Europe was banned for the season following the cheating scandal surrounding theCelica's turbo restrictor.[15] Instead Sainz decided to join the factoryFord, bringing the Repsol sponsorship with him. He spent two seasons with the squad, aboard theFord Escort RS Cosworth and later, the EscortWorld Rally Car. In 1996, he won the inauguralRally Indonesia and with five other podium finishes to his name, he took third place in the drivers' world championship, behind Mitsubishi'sTommi Mäkinen and Subaru's McRae. In the1997 season, he again won the Indonesian round, along with theAcropolis Rally, but again lost the title fight to Mäkinen and McRae. However, he won theRace of Champions at the end of 1997.
Sainz then departed, once again, for Toyota, partneringDidier Auriol and helping to further theCorolla World Rally Car project that had been instituted in 1997, as part of the Cologne based team's recovery from the embarrassment of exclusion from the world championship on the penultimate round of the 1995 season.
Sainz won on his first outing for them, on the1998 season openerMonte Carlo Rally, and later in the season, added a victory inNew Zealand. The seemingly terminal blow to title rivalTommi Mäkinen's chances was his retirement on the first day of the final event of the year, theRally Great Britain, which gave the initiative to Sainz, who now only had to finish fourth in order to ensure the title. However, just 300 metres (980 ft) from the finish of the last stage, he too was forced to retire from the needed fourth place with a mechanical problem. As a result, both Sainz and Toyota gifted their respective titles to rivals Mäkinen andMitsubishi Ralliart.[16]
A subdued season followed for Sainz in 1999, although it did at least culminate in a departing manufacturers' title for Toyota, by now fostering alternative interests inFormula One. Sainz took a total of eight podiums, but no wins, and finished fifth in the drivers' standings, behind his third-placed teammate Auriol who had taken his only win of the season at the inauguralChina Rally.
This was the precursor of another, three-year stint with Ford, again alongside McRae, beginning with the2000 season. Sainz won the inaugural edition of theCyprus round of the world championship, and finished third in the drivers' points standings.
Sainz failed to score a victory on any rally during the2001 season, but with five podiums and four other point-scoring finishes, he managed to keep himself in the title fight throughout the very closely contested season, eventually finishing sixth in the standings, only eleven points adrift of the champion, Subaru'sRichard Burns. Meanwhile, teammate McRae took three wins and led the championship before the season-endingRally GB, where McRae crashed out. Ford also lost the manufacturer's title toPeugeot.
In2002, Sainz inherited the victory of theRally Argentina, having provisionally finished third, due to the disqualifications of the two leading Peugeots ofMarcus Grönholm and Burns. This was his only win of the season, and in a close fight for second place in the drivers' championship, behind the dominant Grönholm, Sainz finished third, one point ahead of his teammate McRae.
Effectively frozen out along with McRae at Ford, Sainz along with the Scot moved toCitroën for the2003, during which he scored one win in Turkey – which was the first gravel event win for Citroën Xsara WRC – and finished third in the championship. Sainz continued with the team in the2004 season, and scored his final world rally victory at the 2004Rally Argentina. During theRally Catalonia 2004, after announcing his retirement, Sainz was considered by drivers, codrivers and directors of the official teams, as the best rally driver of history.[17] In the championship, Sainz finished fourth, after missing out the final rally in Australia, due an accident during pre-event recce.[18]
Despite formally retiring at the end of the 2004 season, with a possible view to moving into theWorld Touring Car Championship, Sainz was invited back to the WRC fold on the request of Citroën, to replace the faltering Belgian driverFrançois Duval. Although Duval was soon to reclaim his seat, Sainz's two rallies back in the Citroën impressed many, with the now 43-year-old Spaniard posting fourth and third finishing positions respectively.
In 2006, Sainz was at the wheel of aVolkswagen in that year'sDakar Rally, sharing the cockpit with the two times winner of the Dakar Rally,Andreas Schulz. In 2007, he repeated his attempt with Volkswagen, this time with FrenchMichel Perin, also a former winner of the raid. Following the resignation ofFernando Martin, he even ran, eventually in vain, for the vice-president position at his beloved football clubReal Madrid, for which he once trained. In 2007 Sainz won theFIA Cross-Country Rally World Cup with the Volkswagen team. In 2008, he won theCentral Europe Rally, which was the relocated and rescheduled Dakar Rally for that year because of a terrorist attack.[19] In January 2009, partnering again with Perin, he led theDakar Rally until crashing out on the 12th stage.[20] Later in 2009, Sainz won Silk Way Rally with Volkswagen team.[21] At the2010 Dakar Rally, Sainz changed again co-pilot, teaming with fellow SpaniardLucas Cruz. Sainz edged out teammateNasser Al-Attiyah to take his maiden win in the event.[22] In 2010, Sainz also won the Silk Way Rally for the second time.[23] In the 2011 Dakar Rally, Sainz finished third.[24]
Sainz entered Dakar Rally 2013 in a brand-new two-wheel-drive buggy. His teammate was former Dakar-winner Nasser Al-Attiyah and the team was supported byQatar andRed Bull.[25] Sainz won the first stage, but faced later various problems and was finally forced to retire on the sixth stage due to an engine failure.[26] After the retirement Sainz commented that despite the result, "it was worth coming here with this concept ... I hope the experience will be useful for the future even if I'm not sure whether I'll come back”.[27] However, later Sainz announced he would like to be part of Qatar Red Bull Rally Team and return to the Dakar in 2014.[28] Sainz took part in the 2014 Dakar, but was forced to retire after a crash on stage 10.[29]
In March 2014, it was announced thatPeugeot Sport would return to Dakar in 2015 and Sainz joinedCyril Despres to race for Peugeot, driving itsPeugeot 2008 DKR.[30][31] In the rally he retired after a crash.[32] In Dakar 2016 Sainz was forced to retire from the lead after the gearbox of his Peugeot broke.[33] In 2017 Sainz also had to retire after rolling his Peugeot during the fourth stage of the rally.[34] In 2018, Sainz took the second Dakar win of his career with Peugeot team.[35]
After Peugeot shut down its rally raid programme, Sainz joinedX-Raid to drive a Mini at the2019 Dakar Rally.[36] He stuck the car in a large hole on stage 3, damaging the suspension, but limped to the end of the stage and finished the event 13th.
Sainz won his thirdDakar Rally in 2020, with co-driverLucas Cruz. The duo registered four stage wins to their name, before finally winning the race with a lead of just 6 minutes and 21 seconds.[37]
Sainz returned to the Dakar Rally in 2021 with Mini, recording three stage victories on the way to an overall third-place finish.[38]
After joiningAudi in 2022, Sainz won his fourth Dakar Rally in2024, becoming the oldest Dakar winner at age 61.[39]
AsVolkswagen Motorsport announced its WRC entry for 2013, Sainz was announced to be part of the WRC project. Volkswagen's motorsport directorKris Nissen told that he needed "10 seconds" to convince Sainz to remain part of the company's efforts in the new programme. Nissen told that the team would need Sainz for some testing of the new car.[40] In November 2011, Sainz had the honour to drive first kilometres with the newVolkswagen Polo R WRC nearTrier, Germany, when the team began testing the new car.[41] In late 2011, Nissen also revealed he would like to see Sainz taking part in some rally with the WRC Polo before he calls time on his career.[42] In early 2012 Sainz drove the Polo WRC in its maiden gravel test in Spain withSébastien Ogier[43] and in summer he tested the Polo WRC in Finland.[44] In October Sainz re-joined his old co-driver Luis Moya to perform course car duties on theSan Marino´s annual Rally Legend event with Volkswagen's new-for-2013 Polo R WRC.[45] In December 2012 Sainz dismissed rumours he would drive a Polo WRC in some of the WRC-rallies in 2013, but stated he was available for testing, if needed.[46]
Sainz returned to competing in 2012, as he entered a historic rally with his old co-driver Luis Moya in Spain. The pair competed in a Porsche 911 rally car and won the rally.[47] The pair made a return to historic rallies in March 2013 by winning Rally de España Histórico with a Porsche 911.[48]
In November 2020, it was announced that Sainz would team up with QEV Technologies to formAcciona | Sainz XE Team to join theall-electric SUVoff-road racing seriesExtreme E in theinaugural season withLaia Sanz and himself as the drivers line-up.[49] The team made its Extreme E debut at the2021 Desert X-Prix and achieved a podium finish at theArctic X-Prix. The team finished in sixth in the teams championship. The team maintained the drivers line-up for the2022 season and achieved two podiums at theDesert andCopper X-Prixs. The team finished in third in the teams' championship.
The team again maintained the drivers line-up for the2023 season.[50] However, in January 2023, Sainz suffered multiple spinal fractures after crashing at theDakar Rally and was replaced byMattias Ekström for the season.[51] The team started strongly at theDesert X-Prix – in Round 1, the team qualified the fastest, achieved a super sector and finished the race in second place. In Round 2, the team won their first race in Extreme E.[52] The team won its second race in Round 7 at the Island X-Prix II.[53] At the final two rounds of the season, the team finished in second and suffered a DNF respectively, losing the championship toRXR by 11 points.[54][55]
For the2024 season, Ekström moved toMcLaren XE and was replaced byFraser McConnell.[56][57] On 6 September, a week before the scheduled Island X-Prix, Extreme E announced that the rounds in Sardinia and Phoenix were cancelled.[58][59]
^According to World Rally Archive, Sainz won 756 stages. Sainz also won one special stage in Safari Rally 1991 (source: Auto Hebdo), that is not yet taken into account by www.juwra.com.