"Collodi" redirects here. For the fraction of the municipality of Pescia in Tuscany, Italy, seeCollodi (Italy).
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Lorenzini was born inFlorence on 24 November 1826. His mother Angiolina Orzali Lorenzini was a seamstress fromCollodi, the town from which he later took the pen name, and his father Domenico Lorenzini was a cook.[3] Both parents worked for themarchese Ginori Lisci.[1] Carlo was the eldest child in the family[4] and he had ten siblings; seven died at a young age.[5] He spent most of his childhood in the town of Collodi where his mother was born. He lived there with his maternal grandmother. After attending primary school, he was sent to study at atheological seminary inColle Val d'Elsa.[4] An account at the seminary shows that themarchese had offered financial aid, but the boy found that he did not want to be a priest so he continued his education at the College of the Scolopi Fathers in Florence.[6] In 1844, he started working at the Florentine bookstore Libreria Piatti, where he assisted Giuseppe Aiazzi, a prominent Italian manuscript specialist.[6]
During theItalian Wars of Independence in 1848 and 1860, Lorenzini served as a volunteer with theTuscan Army. His active interest in political matters can be seen in his earliest literary works, as well as in the founding of the satirical newspaperIl Lampione in 1853.[7] This newspaper was censored by order of theGrand Duke of Tuscany.[8][9] In 1854, he published his second newspaper,Lo scaramuccia ("The Controversy").[10] Lorenzini's first publications were in his periodicals. A debut came in 1856 with the playGli amici di casa and parodic guidebookUn romanzo in vapore, both in 1856.[11] By 1860, he published his first notable work calledIl signor Alberi ha ragione! (Mr. Alberi Is Right!), which outlined his political and cultural vision of Italy. This is the text where Lorenzini started using the Collodi pseudonym, which was taken from his mother's hometown.[1]
Lorenzini had also begun intense activity on other political newspapers such asIl Fanfulla; at the same time he was employed by the Censorship Commission for the Theatre. During this period he composed various satirical sketches and stories (sometimes simply by collating earlier articles), includingMacchiette (1880),Occhi e nasi (1881), andStorie allegre (1887).[1]
Lorenzini became disenchanted with Italian politics afterwards, so he turned to children's literature and his first works involved translating French fairy tales into Italian.[4] In 1875, for instance, he completedRacconti delle fate, a translation of French fairy tales byCharles Perrault. In 1876, Lorenzini wroteGiannettino (inspired by Alessandro Luigi Parravicini'sGiannetto), theMinuzzolo, andIl viaggio per l'Italia di Giannettino, a pedagogic series which explored the unification of Italy through the ironic thoughts and actions of the character Giannettino.[1]
Lorenzini became fascinated by the idea of using an amiable, rascally character as a means of expressing his own convictions throughallegory. In 1880, he began writingStoria di un burattino (Story of aMarionette), also calledLe avventure di Pinocchio, which was published weekly inGiornale per i bambini.[1]Pinocchio was adapted intoa 1940 film by Disney that is considered to be one of Disney's greatest films.[12][13][14]
Lorenzini died suddenly in Florence on 26 October 1890 at the age of 63 and is interred at Cimitero Monumentale Delle Porte Sante in Florence.[15] The National Carlo Collodi Foundation was established in 1962 to promote education and the works of Collodi,[16] and Pinocchio Park, which was opened in 1956 in the town of Collodi and remains a popular attraction today.[17]
^abcBarchers, Suzanne; Pfeffinger, Charla (2011).Multi-Grade Readers Theatre: Stories about Short Story and Book Authors. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 55.ISBN9781598848014.
