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Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Carinus Augustus[3]
Father
Carus
A Romanradiate produced in 283 depicting Emperor Carinus. From the collection ofYork Museums Trust. Legend: M. AVR. CARINVS NOB. CAES.
Marcus Aurelius Carinus (died 285) wasRoman Emperor from 283 to 285. The eldest son of the EmperorCarus, he was first appointedCaesar in late 282, then given the title ofAugustus in early 283, and made co-emperor of the western part of the Empire by his father.[4] Official accounts of his character and career, which portray him as dissolute and incompetent, have been filtered through the propaganda of his successful opponentDiocletian.
After the death of EmperorProbus in a spontaneous mutiny by the army in 282, hispraetorian prefect,Carus, ascended to the throne. When he left for the Persian war, he elevated his two sons to the title ofCaesar. The elder, Carinus, was left to manage the affairs of the West in his absence, and was later elevated to the rank ofAugustus, while the younger,Numerian, accompanied his father to the East.[5]
Carinus acquitted himself well, at least at first, showing some merit in suppressing unrest inGaul and against theQuadi,[6][7] but the young emperor soon left the defence of the UpperRhine to his legates and returned toRome, where the surviving accounts, which demonise him, claim he indulged in all manner of extravagance and excess.[4] He is said to have married and divorced nine different women during his short reign in Rome and to have made his private life notorious. He is said to have persecuted many who he felt had treated him with insufficient respect before his elevation, to have alienated the Senate by his open dislike and contempt, and to have prostituted the imperial dignity with the various low entertainments he introduced at court.[8]
When Carus heard of his son's behaviour in the capital, he declared his intention of removing him from office and replacing him withConstantius Chlorus, who was already known for his ability and virtue. Carus, however, died soon afterwards in the midst of the Persian War, and his two sons jointly succeeded him.
On his return to Rome, Carinus organised the annual games, theLudi Romani, on an unprecedented scale.[9][4][10] At the same time, Numerian was forced to abandon his father's ambitious campaign in the east by the soldiers, who were superstitious about Carus' death, supposedly caused by a bolt of lightning.[6]
Numerian led his army back to Rome, where a triumph awaited him, leaving the Persians astonished at the inexplicable retreat of a victorious army. Numerian's health, however, was broken by the climate, and unable to bear the heat of the sun, he was carried on a covered litter on the march.Arrius Aper, the praetorian prefect, took charge in his name, but his ambitious temper aroused the troops' suspicions. AtHeraclea in Thrace, they broke into the imperial tent and found Numerian dead.Diocletian, commander of the bodyguard, confirmed that Numerian had been murdered by the Praefect, and after executing the Praefect, he was proclaimed Emperor by the soldiers.[11][4][12]
Historians disagree about what happened next. According to one account, his troops prevailed at the Battle of the Margus River, but Carinus was murdered by a tribune whose wife he had seduced.[7][13] Another account describes the battle as a complete victory for Diocletian and claims that Carinus' army deserted him. This account may be supported by the fact that Diocletian kept Carinus'Praetorian Guard commander,Titus Claudius Aurelius Aristobulus, in service.[7][4]
Carinus has the reputation of being one of the worst Roman emperors.[4] This infamy may have been encouraged by Diocletian. The unreliableHistoria Augusta has Carinus marrying nine wives. After his death, Carinus' memory was officially condemned in the Roman procedure known asdamnatio memoriae. His name and that of his wife were erased from inscriptions.[14]
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