Carennac | |
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 A general view of Carennac | |
.svg) Coat of arms | |
 Location of Carennac | |
  Carennac  Carennac | |
| Coordinates:44°55′10″N1°43′59″E / 44.9194°N 1.7331°E /44.9194; 1.7331 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Occitania |
| Department | Lot |
| Arrondissement | Gourdon |
| Canton | Martel |
| Intercommunality | Causses et Vallée de la Dordogne |
| Government | |
| • Mayor(2020–2026) | Jean-Christophe Cid[1] |
Area 1 | 19.00 km2 (7.34 sq mi) |
| Population (2023)[2] | 431 |
| • Density | 22.7/km2 (58.8/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Carennacois |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 46058 /46110 |
| Elevation | 110–340 m (360–1,120 ft) |
| Website | www.carennac.fr |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Carennac (French pronunciation:[kaʁɛnak]) is acommune in theLotdepartment in SouthwesternFrance in the historical region ofQuercy. The village lies in the fertile valley of theDordogne under the arid plateau locally named 'leCausse'.
Its landmarks include amedieval priory, combining an 11th-century church and cloister, and a 16th-century castle, in which the author ofThe Adventures of Telemachus,François Fénelon, lived from 1681 to 1685. The church features atympanum, and the cloister a 15th-century "mise au tombeau".
Thetoponym Carennac is based on aGallo-Roman domain name derived from the Gallic nameCaros, which becameCarennus. The ending-ac comes from theGaulish suffix-acon (itself from the common Celtic*-āko-), often Latinized as-acum in texts.[3]
The first written mention of the village was in 937 in theCartulaire de Beaulieu and was known then asCarendenacus with a church dedicated toSaint Sernin.[4]: 234 [5] Prior to 1040, the village and church belonged to the Abbey of Beaulieu but in that year, Bernard III, Bishop of Cahors, bequeathed the town and its church to theAbbey of Cluny and they founded its priory and a Romanesque church dedicated to Saint-Pierre.[4]: 235 By the 1100s, the priory was very wealthy and had numerous possessions. In 1295, PopeBoniface VIII declared that thepriory would be elevated to adeanery.[4]: 235 The dean's would be appointed from noble Limousin and Quercy families.[5]
The town and the priory's wealth and buildings would suffer hardships throughout theHundred Years War between the English and the French, with the Romanesque cloister damaged at the end of the 1300s.[4]: 235 The priory and cloister were repaired at the end of the 1400s but the priory had lost much of its wealth and possessions.[4]: 235
During theFrench Wars of Religion between Catholic and Protestant France, the deanery was sacked in 1562 by the protestant forces of Bessonies and Marchastel.[4]: 235
The Château des Doyens, built in the sixteenth century. In 1605, a papal bull by Paul V, awarded the deanery at Carennac as a benefice to Louis de Salignac de la Mothe-Fenelon and it remained in the family until 1771.[4]: 235 From 1681 to 1685 it was the deanery of François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon, known asFénelon, a future Archbishop of Cambrai, and who wroteLes Aventures de Télémaque.[4]: 235
By 1788, when the priory was abolished by the King's Council and a papal bull, only two monks remained, then living in the deanery.[4]: 235 [5] When the French Revolution began in 1789, Carennac was still afiefdom of the dean of the abbey, who collect taxes, tolls, and administered justice to the village and its surrounding territory.[5] The villages nobility and clergy accepted the outcome of the revolution, and the villagers took the oath of allegiance to the state, in the cloister, on 15 July 1790, theFête de la Fédération.[5] By 1792 however, some of the villages nobility were imprisoned by the state at Martel, and the state attempted to close parish church.[5]
After the revolution, the municipality lost control of the priory's buildings as they were sold as national asset to eleven residents.[5] The state repurchased some of the property between 1911 and 1912 and so began restoration work.[5]
The village of Carennac developed from the eleventh century, after the foundation of a priory-deanery, of the Order of Cluny. Nestled along the fortifications of the monastery, Carennac retains many aspects of the Middle Ages. Its Saint-Pierre church is a Romanesque building with a twelfth century tympanum. Its cloister, rebuilt in the fifteenth century after the Hundred Years' War, houses in its chapter house the Entombment, a sculpture from the end of the fifteenth century.
In the sixteenth century, the construction of the Château des Doyens was carried out with its façade in white local stone, mullioned windows, sculpted dormers. The castle is one of the elements of the priory-dean of Carennac, built in the sixteenth century to be a prestigious dwelling of the dean. Rooms and galleries are organized on four levels around a wide and imposing staircase.
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Large gallery was built over the church's chapel's and led to terraced gardens.[5] Parts of 14th century enclosure remain, the northern side, a round tower and square tower withoratory.[5] The eastern side, large walls, while along the western wall, outbuildings and the fortified gate to the priory.[5] Thepalisade, now a road and parking area separate the enclosure from the Dordogne.[5]
The castle now houses the heritage area of the land of art and history of the Dordogne valley. It presents a permanent exhibition with free access, which allows you to discover the natural, heritage and architectural richness of this country labelled "Country of Art and History" by the Ministry of Culture. The Château des Doyens was classified as a historical monument on 2 February 1938.[6]
The Château des Doyens is a quadrilateral of 20 m by 10 m, dating from the fifteenth century,[5] it is a private residence, built of dressed stone, comprising, with the attic, three floors of apartments. A spiral staircase leads to the entire height of the building. On the first floor is the ceremonial room, the best preserved at the moment. The seventeenth-century ceiling with protruding beams is painted with foliage, flowers, baskets and various mythological subjects.[5]
The church of Saint-Pierre is a Romanesque construction from the end of the eleventh century augmented in the middle of the twelfth century by a porch decorated with a sculptedtympanum. This tympanum rests laterally on a cluster of four columns acting as a trumeau. It offers the gaze a symbolic vision of the end of time. Occupying the entire height of the tympanum, Christ in majesty holding the Book and blessing, is seated on a richly decorated throne. The symbols of the four evangelists surround it while the apostles, divided into two registers, contemplate the heavenly vision.
The church has three naves separated by thick pillars, plus a row of chapels on the north side. It has about thirty capitals sculpted with interlacing and palmettes. A square Romanesque bell tower rises above the crossing of the transept. ATale of the Three Dead and the Three Living, a mural depiction showing three young gentlemen being arrested in a cemetery by three dead people, who remind them of the brevity of life and the importance of the salvation of their souls. The church of Saint-Pierre was classified as a historical monument by a decree of 2 May 1893.[7]
This stone carving ofburial of Jesus, originally at the bottom of the church's nave, now in the cloister, dates from the end of the sixteenth century.[4]: 237 It is characterized by the painful expression of the life-size figures, at the centre of which is theVirgin Mary in grief, supported by Saint John, Mary, wife ofCleophas,Mary Salome praying andMary Magdalene weeping.[5]Christ, whose face is imbued with gentleness, is stretched out on a stone table.[5] The shroud is supported byJoseph of Arimathea, on the right, andNicodemus, on the left, the two disciples who detached the body of Christ from the Cross and buried him.[5]
A place of meditation for the monks, it consists of two parts from different time periods, the part adjoining the Romanesque church at its northern side, with its twin bay's, dates from the end of the eleventh century.[5] The other three galleries were built in theflamboyant Gothic style at the end fifteenth century.[5] Each gallery is opened by tracery windows. There is the chapter house, where the monks met, which was remodelled at several times, before being used as a cistern for almost two centuries. It has recently been restored and houses a late 15th century Entombment, 15th century bas-reliefs depicting the Passion of Christ, and a series of more popular statues of saints. The cloister was classified as a historical monument on 18 April 1914.[7]
The village of Carennac retains many houses from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. There is also a sixteenth century stair tower, located not far from a bridge over the Mederic river, facing the Île de Calypso.
Carennac is a member ofLes Plus Beaux Villages de France (The Most Beautiful Villages of France) Association (along with 148 others, including neighbouringLoubressac,Autoire,Curemonte andTurenne). The summer months are warm and dry, with temperatures averaging 30°.
A few kilometres from the village are theGouffre de Padirac (caves) andRocamadour (pilgrimage) sites. Other landmarks are theChâteau de Castelnau-Bretenoux, the Castle ofMontal and the prehistoric caves ofLacave and Presque. Further on,Sarlat-la-Canéda,Brive-la-Gaillarde,Cahors andAurillac are regional hubs. TheA20 motorway (linkingParis toToulouse andSpain) lies 30 km (19 mi) away from Carennac. The closest railway station is 4 km (2.5 mi) away, in Bétaille.
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