Cardiac reserve refers to the difference between the rates at which theheart pumpsblood - at any given time versus its maximum capacity. A measurement of the cardiac reserve may be ahealth indicator for some medical conditions. Cardiac reserve may be 4-5 times greater than a resting value for a healthy person.

Cardiac reserve has been measured in different ways over the history of the test.^[1]

It is possible to make a non-invasive measurement of cardiac reserve.^[2]

A measure of cardiac reserve can help predict the likelihood ofheart failure when indicated.^[3]

• Cardiovascular physiology
• Exercise physiology

• CS1: long volume value