| Carbuncle | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Carbuncle on buttock of a diabetic person | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Dermatology |
Acarbuncle is a cluster ofboils caused bybacterialinfection, most commonly withStaphylococcus aureus orStreptococcus pyogenes.[1] The presence of a carbuncle is a sign that theimmune system is active and fighting the infection.[2] The infection iscontagious and may spread to other areas of the body, or other people; those living in the same residence may develop carbuncles at the same time.[3] In the early 21st century, infection involvingmethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become more common.[4]
A carbuncle is a cluster of severalboils, which is typically filled withpurulent exudate (deadneutrophils, phagocytized bacteria, and other cellular components).[5] Fluid may drain freely from the carbuncle, or intervention involving anincision and drainage procedure may be needed.[4] Carbuncles may develop anywhere, but they are most common on the back and thenape of theneck.[3]
A carbuncle ispalpable and can range in size from as small as apea to as large as agolf ball. The surrounding area isindurated. Later, skin on the centre of the carbuncle softens and peripheral satellitevesicles appear; these rupture, discharging pus, and give rise tocribriform appearance.[3][6] As the impending infection develops,itching may occur. There may be localizederythema or skin irritation, and the area may be painful when touched. Sometimes more severe symptoms may occur, such asfatigue,fever,chills, and generalmalaise as the body fights the infection.[6]
Infections by bacteria, commonly strep and staph.
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The word is believed to have originated from the Latin:carbunculus, originally a small coal; diminutive ofcarbon-,carbo: charcoal or ember, but also acarbuncle stone, "precious stones of a red or fiery colour", usuallygarnets.[7]
In 1984,Charles III, then Prince of Wales, described the proposed Sainsbury Wing extension to theNational Gallery in London as a "monstrous carbuncle on the face of a much-loved and elegant friend",[8] a term he has used since to describe other pieces of architecture.[9][10]