| Siege of Belgrade | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of theRusso-Turkish War (1735–1739) | |||||||||
 Signing of Treaty of Belgrade, 1739 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Ottoman Empire | Habsburg Austria | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| Ivaz Mehmed Pasha Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha | Count Wallis | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown | Heavy | ||||||||
 | |||||||||
TheSiege of Belgrade saw the recapture ofBelgrade (بلغراد:Ottoman Turkish/capital of modernSerbia) by theOttoman Empire in 1739.[1][2]
According to theTreaty of Pruth signed in 1711 between the Ottoman Empire and theRussian Empire, the Russians had stipulated to stop interfering in the affairs of thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In theWar of the Polish Succession (1733–1738),Habsburg Austria and the Russian Empire were allies. The Ottomans saw this alliance as a violation of the treaty and engaged in a war against Russia. Being an ally of Russia, the Austrians also declared war on the Ottoman Empire in 1737. The Austrian army was defeated in two major battles, theBattle of Banja Luka and theBattle of Grocka, and had to fall back on Belgrade.
The Ottoman Empire had first captured Belgrade in 1521 (the first campaign ofSuleyman I), but lost it toEugene of Savoy of Austria in 1717 (seesiege of Belgrade (1717)). The Ottomans had since then been waiting for an opportunity to regain the city. After the battle of Grocka thegrand vizierIvaz Mehmed Pasha laid siege to Belgrade (July 1739). In August,Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (former grand vizier) joined him from the western front, aBosnian militia also took part in the attack.[3] After a siege of 51 daysCount Wallis, the Austrian commander, ordered the burning of theDanubean fleet under his command and sued for peace.[4]
During the peace talks in Belgrade,Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg represented Austria, while Ottoman delegates includingMektupçu Ragıp (future grand vizier Koca Ragıp) represented the Ottoman Empire. Changing the borders caused no big problem; Austria agreed to cede territories to the Ottoman side. The major issue, however, was the future of Belgrade. The earliest Austrian offer was to keep Belgrade in return for the territories ceded to Ottoman side, which the Ottoman representatives refused. The second offer of the Austrian side was to cede Belgrade on the condition that the fortifications were to be demolished. Ivaz Mehmed Pasha also refused this offer. Negotiations broke down. Finally,Louis Sauveur Villeneuve, the French ambassador to the Ottoman Empire proposed a compromise in which only the former Ottoman fortification would be kept. Both sides agreed on the proposal and the treaty was signed on 18 September 1739.
Except for a brief occupation during theAustro-Turkish War (1787–1791) the Austrians were never able to capture Belgrade. The Ottomans kept the city up to theSerbian Uprising. Until 1878, Belgrade was a city of semi-independent Serbia under Ottomansuzerainty. Serbia gained full independence by theTreaty of Berlin (1878).
