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Capital of Sri Lanka

हिन्दी

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The current legislative capital ofSri Lanka isSri Jayawardenepura Kotte and the executive and judicial capital isColombo. Over the course of the island's history, the national capital has been in several locations other than Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte.

Part ofa series on the

History of Sri Lanka

1686 Mallet map of Sri Lanka (Taprobane)

Chronicles

Periods

Prehistory (300,000 BP–543 BC)
Stone Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age	~1000 BC–543 BC
Pre Anuradhapura (543–377 BC)
Indo-Aryan settlement
Anuradhapura (377 BC–1017)
Early Anuradhapura period	437 BC–463 AD
Middle Anuradhapura period	463–691
Late Anuradhapura period	691–1017
Polonnaruwa (1017–1232)
Chola conquest	1017–1070
High Polonnaruwa period	1055–1196
Late Polonnaruwa period	1196–1232
Transitional (1232–1592)
Dambadeniya period	1232–1341
Gampola period	1341–1412
Kotte period	1412–1592
Kandy (1592–1815)
Early Kandyan period	1592–1707
Middle Kandyan period	1707–1760
Late Kandyan period	1760–1815
British Ceylon (1815–1948)
Post-Kandyan period	1815–1833
Colebrooke–Cameron Reforms era	1833–1850
Plantation economy	1850–1910
Economic stagnation	1910–1927
Donoughmore Reforms era	1927–1948
Sri Lanka (1948–present)
Decolonisation	1948–1956
Socialist experiment	1956–1977
Free market economy	1977–1994
Civil war	1994–2009
Political instability	2009–2024
Post–Aragalaya era	2024–present

By Topic

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List of capitals

The following is a list of cities which have historically served as thecapital city of Sri Lanka and its predecessor states.

Mythological

Abhayanagara, unknown. Capital of Abhaya, King of Sri Lanka (then known as Ojadīpa) in the time ofKakusandha Buddha.^[1]
Sirīsavatthu, until 543 BC^[2]

Historical

Pre-Anuradhapura period (543–377 BC)

Tambapaṇṇī, 543 BC–505 BC^[3]^[4]
Upatissagāma, 505 BC–504 BC^[5]
Vijithapura, 504–474 BC^[6]
Upatissagāma, 474 BC–438 BC^[5]
Anurādhapura, 438 BC–437 BC^[7]

Anuradhapura period (437 BC–1017)

Anurādhapura, 437 BC–7th century AD, 7th century–667, 683–772, 777–797, 801–833, 853–1029^[7]^[8]
- Sigiriya,^{[note 1]} 473–491 (During the reign ofKassapa I (473–491))^[9]^[10]
- Polonnaruwa,^{[note 2]} 667–683 (During the reign ofAggabodhi IV (667–683))^[11]^[8]^[12]
- Polonnaruwa, 772–777 (During the reign ofAggabodhi VII (772–777))^[11]^[12]
- Polonnaruwa, 797–801 (During the reign ofUdaya I (797–801))^[11]^[12]
- Polonnaruwa, 833–853 (During the reign ofSena I (833–853))^[11]^[12]

Polonnaruwa period (1017–1232)

Chola conquest of Anuradhapura
- Polonnaruwa, 1029–1055 (Chola)^[13]^[14]
- Rohana, 1029–1055 (Sinhalese)^[14]

Polonnaruwa period
- Polonnaruwa, 1055–1232^[15]^[16]^[14]

Transitional period (1232–1597)

Polonnaruwa, 1232–1255^[15]^[16]^[14]
Dambadeniya, 1255–1270s (During the reigns ofVijayabahu III (1232–1236),Parakramabahu II (1236–1270),Vijayabahu IV (1270–1272) and part ofBhuvanaikabahu I (1272–1284))^[17]
Yapahuwa, 1270s–1284 (Part of the reign ofBhuvanaikabahu I (1272–1284))^[18]^[17]^[19]
Polonnaruwa, 1287–1293 (During the reign ofParakramabahu III (1287–1293))^[20]^[19]
Kurunegala, 13th century–14th century (During the reigns ofBhuvanaikabahu II (1293–1302) andParakramabahu IV (1302–1326))^[18]^[17]^[19]
Gampola,^{[note 3]} 1341–1356 (During the reign ofBhuvanaikabahu IV (1341–1351) and part of the reign ofParakramabahu V (1344–1359))^[21]^[22]^[23]
Dedigama, 1356–1359 (During the co-reigns ofParakramabahu V andVikramabahu III (1356–1359))^[23]
Gampola, 1359–1374 (Part of the reign ofVikramabahu III (1356–1374) and part of the reign ofBhuvanaikabahu V (1371–1408))^[23]
Kotte, 1371–1597 (During the reign ofBhuvanaikabahu V (1371–1408)), capital of theKingdom of Kotte)^[24]^[17]^[25]^[26]^[27]
- Rayigama, 1411–1414 (During the early part of the reign ofParakramabahu VI (1411–1466))^[28]

Kandyan period (1597–1815)

Kandy, 1597–1815

British Ceylon period (1815–1948)

Colombo, 1815–1948

Modern Sri Lanka (1948–present)

Colombo, 1948–1982
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, 1982–present

Others

Transitional period (1232–1597)

When the island was divided during the Transitional period, multiple capital cities existed at one time.

Nallur, 1255–1620 (capital of theJaffna Kingdom)^[18]^[19]
Kandy, 1469–1597 (During the early part of the reign ofSenasammata Vikramabahu (1469–1511), capital of theKingdom of Kandy)^[29]
Sitawaka, 1521–1594 (capital of theKingdom of Sitawaka)

Notes

^Also known as Sīhagiri
^Also known as Pulatthipura, Pulatthinagara, Jananathapura by the Colas, Vijayarajapura and Parakkamapura
^Also known as Gaṅgāsiripura

References

Citations

^Malalasekera 2017a.
^Malalasekera 2017d.
^palikanon.com 2019.
^Malalasekera 2017e.
^^a ^bMalalasekera 2017f.
^Codrington 1926, p. 9.
^^a ^bSenaveratna 1930, p. 37.
^^a ^bMalalasekera 2017b.
^UNESCO World Heritage Centre 2019.
^Lambert 2015.
^^a ^b ^c ^dDe Silva 2014, p. 48.
^^a ^b ^c ^dwisdomlib 2009.
^De Silva 2014, p. 31.
^^a ^b ^c ^dDe Silva 2014, p. 741.
^^a ^bSiriweera 1970, p. 23.
^^a ^bDe Silva 2014, p. 87.
^^a ^b ^c ^dHulugalle 2008.
^^a ^b ^cSiriweera 1970, p. 25.
^^a ^b ^c ^dDe Silva 2014, p. 110.
^lakdiva.org 2019.
^Malalasekera 2017c.
^De Silva 2014, p. 111.
^^a ^b ^cDe Silva 2014, p. 135.
^Somaratna 1969, p. 180.
^Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte Divisional Secretariat Office 2009.
^Somaratna 1969, p. 93.
^Pieris 2013, p. 24.
^Somaratna 1969, p. 140.
^Somaratna 1969, p. 391.

Bibliography

Blaze, L. E. (1933).History of Ceylon(PDF) (Eighth ed.). Colombo: Christian literature society for India and Africa.
Codrington, H. W. (1926).A Short History Of Ceylon. London:Macmillan & Co.
De Silva, K. M. (2014).A history of Sri Lanka ([Revised.] ed.). Colombo: Vijitha Yapa Publications.ISBN 978-955-8095-92-8.
Pieris, Anoma (2013).Architecture and nationalism in Sri Lanka : the trouser under the cloth. London, New York: Routledge.ISBN 9780415630023.
Senaveratna, John M. (1930).The Story of the Sinhalese from the Most Ancient Times Up to the End of "the Mahavansa" Or Great Dynasty: Vijaya to Maha Sena, B.C. 543 to A.D.302. Colombo: W. M. A. Wahid & Bros.ISBN 9788120612716.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Siriweera, Wathuge Indrakirti (1970).Economic Conditions of Ceylon (C.1070 A.D. to 1544)(PDF) (PhD thesis). University of London.
Somaratna, Gintota Parana Vidanage (June 1969).Political History Of The Kingdom Of Kotte (c. A.D. 1400-1521)(PDF) (PhD thesis). University of London.
"Tambapanni".www.palikanon.com. Retrieved23 February 2019.
Hulugalle, H. A. J. (5 February 2008)."Ancient capitals of Sri Lanka".Sri Lanka Guardian.
Lambert, Courtney (15 December 2015)."Travel Sri Lanka: The Tale of Sigiriya Rock".HuffPost. Retrieved23 February 2019.
Malalasekera, G. P. (5 February 2017a)."Abhaya".www.softerviews.org. Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names. Archived fromthe original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved23 February 2019.
Malalasekera, G. P. (5 February 2017b)."Anurādhapura".www.softerviews.org. Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names. Archived fromthe original on 11 May 2017. Retrieved23 February 2019.
Malalasekera, G. P. (5 February 2017c)."Bhuvanekabāhu".www.softerviews.org. Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names. Archived fromthe original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved23 February 2019.
Malalasekera, G. P. (5 February 2017d)."Sirīsavatthu".www.softerviews.org. Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names. Archived fromthe original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved23 February 2019.
Malalasekera, G. P. (5 February 2017e)."Tambapaṇṇī".www.softerviews.org. Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names. Archived fromthe original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved23 February 2019.
Malalasekera, G. P. (5 February 2017f)."Upatissagāma".www.softerviews.org. Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names. Archived fromthe original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved23 February 2019.
"Ancient City of Sigiriya".UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved23 February 2019.
"Chapter V-The Dambadeniya and Gampola kings".lakdiva.org. Retrieved23 February 2019.
"Cultural Background".Wayback Machine. Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte Divisional Secretariat Office. 12 February 2009. Archived fromthe original on 12 February 2009. Retrieved23 February 2019.
"Pulacceri: 1 definition".www.wisdomlib.org. wisdomlib. 12 April 2009.
"The History of the City".Wayback Machine. Colombo Municipal Council. 2 December 2011. Archived fromthe original on 2 December 2011. Retrieved23 February 2019.

v t e Sinhalese monarchy
Sinhala kingdom
Timeline	Dipavamsa Mahavamsa Culavamsa Rajavaliya
Periods	Pre Anuradhapura &Anuradhapura period Tambapanni Anuradhapura Polonnaruwa period Chola occupation Polonnaruwa Transitional period Dambadeniya Gampola Kotte Sitawaka Kandyan period Kandy
Dynasties	Vijaya Lambakanna I Moriya Lambakanna II Vijayabahu Kalinga Siri Sanga Bo Senasammata Vikramabahu Vimaladharmasuriya Nayaks
Monarchs	By reign Family tree Interregnums 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Sinhalese female monarchs Sinhalese Queens Usurpers Regnal name
Institutions	Royal court Amātya Mandalaya Rājākariya Relic of the tooth of the Buddha
Royal Residences	Tambapaṇṇī Upatissagāma Vijithapura Anuradhapura Sigiriya Rohana Polonnaruwa Dambadeniya Yapahuwa Kurunegala Gampola Dedigama Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte Rayigama Sitawaka Kandy
Related dynasties	Kalinga Vanga Shakya Vedda Pandyan Mauryan Madurai Nayak
Other	Sinhapura Sinhabahu Titles Crown Jewels Royal Standards Pretenders Abhisheka Vijayabā Kollaya

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