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Acape is a clothing accessory or a sleevelessouter garment of any length that hangs loosely and connects either at the neck or shoulders. They usually cover the back, shoulders, and arms. They come in a variety of styles[1] and have been used throughout history for many different reasons.
In fashion, the word "cape" usually refers to a shorter garment and "cloak" to a full-length version of the different types of garment, though the two terms are sometimes used synonymously for full-length coverings.[2] A shoulder cape is thus sometimes called a "capelet".[3] The fashion cape does not cover the front to any appreciable degree. In raingear, a cape is usually a long and roomy protective garment worn to keep one dry in the rain.[citation needed]
The first known usage of capes is unknown, but some early references we know of are from Ancient Roman military uniforms.[4] Later on, capes were common inmedieval Europe, especially when combined with ahood in thechaperon.[citation needed] They have had periodic returns tofashion – for example, in nineteenth-century Europe.Catholicclergy wear a type of cape known as aferraiolo, which is worn for formal events outside a ritualistic context.[citation needed] Thecope is a liturgicalvestment in the form of a cape.[citation needed] Capes are often highly decorated with elaborate embroidery.[citation needed] Capes remain in regular use as rainwear in variousmilitary units andpolice forces, in France for example. Agas cape was a protective military garment issued alongsidegas masks in twentieth-century wars, designed to shield soldiers from liquid chemical agents and contaminated terrain.[5][6]
Rich noblemen and elite warriors of theAztec Empire would wear atilmàtli; aMesoamerican cloak/cape used as a symbol of their upper status.[citation needed] Cloth and clothing was of utmost importance to the Aztecs.[citation needed] The more elaborate and colorful tilmàtlis were strictly reserved for elite high priests,emperors; and theeagle warriors as well asjaguar warriors.[7]
In fullevening dress,ladies frequently use the cape as afashion statement, or to protect the wearer or the finefabrics of theirevening-wear from the elements, especially where acoat would crush—or hide—the garment. These capes may be short (over the shoulders or to the waist) or a full-length cloak. Short capes were usually made of, or trimmed in,fur; however, because fur is less accepted as a fashion accessory in modern times, other expensive materials are substituted for it, with an opulentlining and trim. Typical fabrics used arevelvet,silk, andsatin. Capes are still authorized as an alternative to the more utilitariantrench coat forU.S. Army officers inmess dress, formal evening uniform.[8]
Caped overcoats were popular for men during the Victorian era, with some capedUlsters featuring multiple layered capes, and theInverness coat (both formal evening and working day variants) had a cape.[9] The Inverness coat is no longer commonly worn (though it has begun to be revived, on a limited scale, insteampunk fashion), and the Ulster lost its cape in the 1920s.[citation needed]
In modern times, capes are commonly used by hair and beauty salons for the purpose of hair styling services, in which usage they protect clothing from loose strands of hair being cut from the head or from the chemicals often used in such styling.[citation needed]
The cape is a symbol forsuperheroes in theAmerican comic book genre.[10] They are often used by comic book artists to create the illusion of motion in a still image. Most often, they are worn by heroes likeSuperman merely as a costume adornment. Other times, as in the case ofBatman,Shroud,Cloak, andDoctor Strange, the cape serves a functional purpose, with Batman's cape allowing him to glide, and Cloak and the Shroud's capes enhancing their ability to teleport via the Darkforce.Spawn has a cape (actually a part of his living symbiotic costume) that obeys Spawn's mental commands, changing shape to scare, confuse or even kill would-be attackers, whileMeta Knight of theKirby franchise disguises his wings as a cape. Some media, such asWatchmen,The Incredibles, andSpider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, comment on the potentially lethal hazards of a cape.[11]
In some ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities, capes have become a symbol of stringent modesty norms.[12] Wearing capes developed as a way for ultra-Orthodox women to express their spiritual devotion and demonstrate a higher level of modesty. This trend gained traction in Israel, particularly within theToldot Aharon sect, where it was initially encouraged by religious leaders as a form of spiritual striving. Some women believe that wearing a cape brings divine protection and blessings, including fertility and health benefits.[12]
