Invexillography, thecanton is a rectangular emblem placed at the top left of a flag, usually occupying up to a quarter of a flag's area. The canton of a flag may be a flag in its own right. For instance,British ensigns have theUnion Jack as their canton, as do their derivatives such as the national flags ofAustralia andNew Zealand.
Following the practice of British ensigns, a canton sometimes contains a symbol of national unity, such as the blue field and white stars of theflag of the United States of America. In these cases, the canton may be called simply theunion.[1]
The American flag's canton derives from Britain's use of the Union Jack in the flags of its possessions (including, historically, theThirteen American Colonies). Subsequently, manyNew World nations (along with other later countries and regions, such asLiberia orMalaysia) that were inspired by the United States adopted flag elements that were inspired by the American flag. As a result, many extant uses of a prominent canton derive either from British territorial history, or American influence and inspiration.
Theflag of the Republic of China has a navy blue canton bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays. (This flag's canton is also used as the naval jack and the flag of theKuomintang.)
Theflag of Togo has a red canton bearing a white five-pointed star.
Theflag of Tonga has a white canton bearing a red Greek cross couped.
Theflag of Tuvalu features the Union Jack in its canton.
Theflag of Georgia has the state coat of arms in the canton, surrounded by 13 stars which, like the stripes on the US flag, represent the original 13 colonies.
Flag and coat of arms ofSelangor in Malaysia is not a true canton, although the standard of theSultan of Selangor, which derives from it, retains the upper left hoist as a distinct canton.
Flag of theNew York City Police Department has a blue canton defaced with stars, representing the 23 original municipalities that combined to form modern day NYC, and one for NYC itself.
A Soviet-era flag forGeorgia, It was the only Soviet Union Republic flag with the canton and in which the hammer and sickle were not gold in color.
The November 1889 flag ofBrazil had a blue canton defaced with 21 white stars.
The first version of theflag of the Confederate States featured a canton defaced with stars, with the stars representing its claimed constituent states
Subsequent flags of the CS incorporated a star-defaced saltire (known as the "Confederate Battle Flag") in their cantons.
Naval ensign of Serbia and Montenegro from 1992 to 2006, which had a canton with a horizontal triband of blue, white, and red (e.g. the Serbia and Montenegro national flag) in it.
Yugoslav naval ensign from 1949 to 1993, which had a canton consisting of a horizontal triband of blue, white, and red, defaced with a star and wreath.
Flag of the SR BiH, which had a canton consisting of the Yugoslav flag.
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