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In Canada, classical music includes a range of musical styles rooted in the traditions of Western orEuropean classical music that European settlers brought to the country from the 17th century and onwards. As well, it includes musical styles brought by other ethnic communities from the 19th century and onwards, such asIndian classical music (Hindustani and Carnatic music) andChinese classical music. Since Canada's emergence as a nation in 1867, the country has produced its own composers, musicians and ensembles. As well, it has developed a music infrastructure that includes training institutions, conservatories, performance halls, and a public radio broadcaster, CBC, which programs a moderate amount of Classical music. There is a high level of public interest in classical music and education.[1][2][3]
Canada has produced a number of respected ensembles, including theMontreal Symphony Orchestra and theToronto Symphony Orchestra, as well as a number of well-known Baroque orchestras and chamber ensembles, such as theI Musici de Montréal Chamber Orchestra and theTafelmusik Baroque Orchestra and Chamber Choir. Major Canadian opera companies such as theCanadian Opera Company have nurtured the talents of Canadian opera singers such asMaureen Forrester,Ben Heppner, andJon Vickers. Well-known Canadian musicians include pianistGlenn Gould; pianistRonald Turini, violinistJames Ehnes; pianistJan Lisiecki; conductorYannick Nézet-Séguin; flautistTimothy Hutchins; and composersClaude Vivier,R. Murray Schafer,Harry Somers andJacques Hétu. Well-known music schools include theRoyal Conservatory of Music (Canada) in Toronto and theSchulich School of Music atMcGill University inMontreal.
A number of Canadian singers who learned their craft in Canadian opera companies went on to sing in major international opera houses.
The Holman Opera Troupe, which toured throughout Canada in the 1860s–1880s, were at separate periods, lessees of the London Opera House, the Royal Lyceum, Toronto, the Grand Opera House, Ottawa, and the Theatre Royal, Montreal. The troupe consisted of Mr. George Holman, his wife, his daughterSallie Holman (soprano/principal singer) another daughter, and two sons, with some others, including William H. Crane and Sallie's husband Mr. J. T. Dalton.[4]Bertha May Crawford (1886–1934), a coloratura soprano from Toronto, was probably the only Canadian singer of her era to achieve significant success performing in major opera houses in Russia and Poland during the First World War and through the 1920s.
In the early 20th century, contralto singerPortia White (1911–1968) achieved international fame because of her voice and stage presence. As aCanadian of African descent, her popularity helped to open previously closed doors for talented blacks who followed. She has been declared "a person of national historic significance" by the Government of Canada.George London (1920–1985) was a Montreal-born concert and operatic bass-baritone. From 1975 until 1980 he was general director of the Washington Opera.Pierrette Alarie 1921, is a French-Canadian coloratura soprano.Lois Marshall (1924–1997) was a Canadian soprano who was made a Companion of the Order of Canada in 1967. She was both a concert and recital singer, first as a soprano and later as a mezzo-soprano.
Louis Quilico (1925–2000) was a Canadian baritone, known as "Mr Rigoletto." In Canada, Quilico performed regularly with the Canadian Opera Company in Toronto, and throughout the 1970s he performed in opera companies in the United States. Quilico's contemporaryJon Vickers (1926- 2015) is a tenor born in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, who joined the Metropolitan Opera in 1960. A powerful "heldentenor", he became known for his German- and Italian-language roles.Maureen Forrester (1930–2010) was a Canadian operatic contralto known for her performances of Mahler and for her great stamina onstage.Victor Braun (1935–2001) was a Canadian-born operatic baritone who performed at major opera houses from Europe and North America. His contemporaryTeresa Stratas (born 1938) is a soprano who had a 36-year career at the Metropolitan Opera.Judith Forst (born 1943) is a Canadian mezzo-soprano who was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1991.
Richard Margison (born 1953) is an operatic tenor who was named an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2001 and lives in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Gino Quilico (born 1955) is a lyric baritone of Italian descent and the son of Canadian baritone Louis Quilico and Lina Pizzolongo.Ben Heppner (born 1956) is a tenor, specializing in opera and classical symphonic works for voice. performs frequently with major opera companies in the United States and Europe, as well as concert appearances with major symphony orchestras.Gerald Finley (born 1960) is a bass-baritone opera singer renowned for his interpretations of Mozart roles.Michael Schade (born 1965) is a Canadian operatic tenor, who was born in Geneva and raised in Germany and Canada; he is known as a "Mozart tenor".Russell Braun (born 1965) is an operatic lyric baritone, who is the son of baritone Victor Braun.Isabel Bayrakdarian (born 1974) is an Armenian-Canadian opera singer who moved to Canada as a teenager.James Westman (born 1972) is an operatic baritone, in his youth he was the first boy soprano to performGustav Mahler, 4th symphony withLeonard Bernstein.Joni Henson (born 1977 inSault Ste. Marie, Ontario) andMeasha Brueggergosman (born 1977 in Fredericton, New Brunswick) are both Sopranos that perform regularly both in concert and in fully staged Operas.
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Symphony orchestras:
Community orchestras:
Baroque orchestras and chamber ensembles:
Alberto Guerrero (1886–1959) was a Chilean-Canadian composer, pianist, and teacher whose students includedGlenn Gould andJon Kimura Parker.Glenn Gould (1932–1982) was noted for his recordings of the music of Johann Sebastian Bach, his technical proficiency, unorthodox musical philosophy, and eccentric personality and piano technique.Ronald Turini (born 1934) was the personally most highly regarded student ofVladimir Horowitz and performed as soloist with major orchestras around the world. Zeyda Ruga Suzuki (born 1943,Havana,Cuba) is a Cuban-Canadian classical pianist andJuno Award nominee.Dang Thai Son (born 1958,Hanoi,Vietnam) is a classical pianist known for being the first Asian pianist to win the International Frederick Chopin Piano Competition in 1980. He remains a well-known Chopin interpreter, and now resides in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.Naida Cole (born 1974) has recorded music by Fauré, Chabrier, Satie and Ravel.Wonny Song Korean-Canadian pianist and professor. First Prize winner at the 2005 Young Concert Artists International Auditions in New York, Prix d'Europe 2003, and winner of the Minnesota Orchestra's WAMSO Competition.
Canadian violinists:
Non-Canadian violinists within the Canadian music community:
Other string players include violistRivka Golani and cellistsDonald Whitton (a founding member of NACO), Ottawa-based chamber musicianJulian Armour (also a chamber music festival organizer), and soloistOfra Harnoy. Well-known wind players include bassoonists such asWilliam Douglas and Nadina Mackie Jackson; flautistsTimothy Hutchins andAlexander Zonjic; and oboists such asJames Mason andMarc Rogers. Notable Canadian organists includeEric Robertson,Gerald Bales,François Brassard, andHealey Willan. There are also several well-known Canadian organ builders, includingCasavant Frères andGabriel Kney. Two classical guitarists from Canada have become well known:Liona Boyd andNorbert Kraft. Well-known brass players from Canada includeJens Lindemann (trumpet),James Sommerville (horn) andAlain Trudel (trombone).
See also:
Radio broadcasting of classical music in Canada is extremely limited. Historically, the primary source of classical music on Canadian radio was the nationalCBC Radio 2 network, however that network has greatly reduced its classical music programming in favor of Canadianpopular music programming, with mainly "accessible" classical music available only five hours a day in the middle of the day.
There are three commercial radio stations in Canada offering a classical music format:
The communityCKUA radio network inAlberta andCFMU inOntario also airs some classical music programming, as do somecampus radio andcommunity radio stations. All radio stations in Canada are required by theCanadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to meetCanadian content targets. For classical music stations, the requirement is 20% Canadian content.
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Most major Canadian universities offer some type of instruction in Classical music inBachelor of Music programs of BA (Music) programs, either in a practical sense via training in instrumental or vocal performance or conducting, or in a theoretical or academic sense through the study of Classical music harmonic theory or history. Some universities in Canada also offer graduate degrees in music, such as the Master of Music (in instrumental or vocal performance), the Master of Arts in theory or musicology, or more rarely, through the PhD in music theory or musicology.
TheRoyal Conservatory of Music (Canada) in Toronto offers a comprehensive teaching method encompassing strict guidelines for ten grade levels. The ARCT and LRCT diplomas for Teachers or Performers is the culmination of all the grades which is also recognized worldwide. Comprehensive theory and history co-requisites are required to obtain a certificate. ManyCanadian provinces recognize completion of higher levels of the curriculum, awarding students high school credits upon successful completion. The Royal Conservatory operatesThe Glenn Gould School, a centre for professional training in classical music performance, a Community School, an educational initiative for public school teachers, a Young Artists Performance Academy, and it offersRCM Examinations. Some of Canada's most famous musicians studied at the Conservatory.Glenn Gould studied theory, organ and piano, graduating at age 12 in 1946 with an ARCT diploma, with highest honours.Teresa Stratas,Lois Marshall andJon Vickers were also Conservatory students.
TheSchulich School of Music atMcGill University inMontreal offers performance programs at McGill provide students with private lessons and performing opportunities in university ensembles, in addition to studies in the history and theory of music. The school also offers a three-year diploma of Licentiate in Music, an Artist Diploma program, and an Orchestral Training Program. McGill's Music Research Department offers B.Mus. programs in Composition, Theory, History, Music Education, Sound Recording, and Music Technology. The school has been ranked byThe Princeton Review as among the top tenmusic schools in the world.
Concert halls with resident performing groups:
Arts organizations in Canada are usually expected to raise 50% of their funding through ticket sales and/or fundraising campaigns that they organize and execute themselves. Another 25% is traditionally covered by corporate sponsorship. The remaining 25% is typically provided by three separate levels of government: federal, provincial and municipal. Canadian arts organizations are constantly lobbying all three levels of government for a more prominent place in their budgets and must therefore compete with other public concerns such as health care and education.
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