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| Campidanese Sardinian | |
|---|---|
| sardu campidanesu campidanesu | |
| Native to |  Italy |
| Region |  Sardinia(  Metropolitan City of Cagliari; Central-southern part of theProvince of Oristano;Province of South Sardinia;  Southern part of theProvince of Nuoro) |
| Ethnicity | Sardinians |
Native speakers | 500,000 (2007)[1] |
Indo-European
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | sc |
| ISO 639-2 | srd |
| ISO 639-3 | sroCampidanese Sardinian |
| Glottolog | camp1261 Campidanese Sardinian |
| ELP | Campidanese Sardinian |
| Linguasphere | 51-AAA-sd |
 Campidanese Sardinian is classified as Vulnerable by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger.[2] | |
 Languages and dialects of Sardinia | |
| This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. | |
Campidanese Sardinian[1][3] (Sardinian:sardu campidanesu,Italian:sardo campidanese) also known asSouthern Sardinian (Italian:sardo meridionale) is one of the two written standards of theSardinian language, which is often considered one of the most, if not the mostconservative of all theRomance languages. The orthography is based on the spoken dialects of central southernSardinia, identified by certain attributes which are not found, or found to a lesser degree, among the Sardinian dialects centered on the other written form,Logudorese. ItsISO 639-3 code issro.
Traditionally the nameCampidanu (Campidano in Italian) refers to the fertile area located around the towns ofGuspini andVillacidro. Campidanese dialects can be found across the entire Province of Cagliari and not just theProvince of Medio Campidano area. Campidanese also extends into parts of theProvince of Nuoro, notably theOgliastra area and in the southern half of theProvince of Oristano,the capital included. However, it is at this point that the dialects merge intoLogudorese.
There are seven main subdialects of Campidanese Sardinian, namely Western Campidanese,Sarrabese (sarrabesu), SouthernBarbagian, andOristano's ('aristanesu or alsoarborensi),Ogliastra's (ollastrinu),Cagliari's (casteddaju), and the varieties ofSulcis (meurreddinu).Casteddaju is the dialect spoken in the island's capital; however, it extends to most of the neighbouring towns and villages within a 15 km radius of Cagliari. In 2009, the provincial administration of Cagliari approved the spelling, phonetics, morphology, and vocabulary rules for Standard Campidanese Sardinian.[4]
Campidanese Sardinian has some borrowed words fromAragonese,Catalan andSpanish. Since the early 20th century, there has been an increase in lexical borrowing from Italian as well; that is particularly evident with technological words for which there is no Campidanese equivalent. However, many words that are from Italian have been changed phonetically so that they sound Sardinian. Italian loan words that end in ano are often substituted with au. The strong Campidanese accent also changes the sound of the word.
Campidanese Sardinian is intelligible to those from the central to the southern part of Sardinia, whereLogudorese Sardinian is spoken,[5] but it is not to those from the extreme north of the island, whereCorsican–Sardinian dialects are spoken.
Italian speakers do not understand Campidanese, like any other dialect of the Sardinian language:[6] Sardinian is an autonomous linguistic group rather than anItalian dialect[7] as it is often noted because of its morphological, syntactic, and lexical differences from Italian.
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Campidanese is written using the Latin alphabet. Like Italian, Campidanese does not use⟨w⟩ or⟨y⟩. Campidanese also uses thedigraphs⟨gh⟩, representing/g/,⟨ch⟩ representing/k/ beforee andi vowels,⟨tz⟩ representing/ts/ and⟨x⟩, representing/ʒ/.
In phonetic syntax, final or intervocalic⟨t⟩ is pronounced as a/d/ (es:issu andat, meaning "he goes", is pronouncedissu andada) and⟨s⟩ is pronounced as a/z̪/,[clarification needed] (es.sa mesa, meaning "the table", is pronouncedsa mez̪a). When there are consonants likes,t ornt at the end of the word, a helping vowel is usually added (es.sa domu,is domus(u), the house, the houses).If preceded by a consonant, an "i" is inserted before the normally-initials (es:sa scala,is (i)scalas(a), the staircase, the staircases). The spelling rules were established by the Province of Cagliari with a deliberation on March 17, 2010.[8]
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