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Together for Change Juntos por el Cambio | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | JxC |
| Party Presidents | Patricia Bullrich Gerardo Morales Maximiliano Ferraro Ricardo López Murphy Miguel Ángel Pichetto |
| Deputies Leader | Mario Negri |
| Senate Leader | Alfredo Cornejo |
| Founder | Mauricio Macri Elisa Carrió Ernesto Sanz |
| Founded | 15 June 2015; 10 years ago (2015-06-15) asCambiemos 12 June 2019; 6 years ago (2019-06-12) asJuntos por el Cambio |
| Dissolved | 27 December 2023; 22 months ago (2023-12-27) |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | |
| Colours | Yellow |
| Member parties | |
| Website | |
| jxc | |
Juntos por el Cambio (JxC, English:Together for Change) was apolitical coalition inArgentina.[8] Aliberal coalition, it was created in 2015 asCambiemos (English:Let's Change), and renamed in 2019.[9][10] It was composed ofRepublican Proposal,Radical Civic Union,Civic Coalition ARI andUnited Republicans.[11][12]
These three parties respectively nominatedMauricio Macri,Ernesto Sanz, andElisa Carrió as their representatives in the August 2015primary elections, which were held to choose which candidate would run in the2015 presidential election on 25 October.[13] On 9 August, Macri was elected as the candidate who would represent Cambiemos in thepresidential election; on 22 November, where he won insecond round by 51%.[14][15]
Initially, the pre-candidatesMauricio Macri,Daniel Scioli, andSergio Massa had a triple tie in the polls for the2015 presidential election. Scioli was the candidate of theFront for Victory, the ruling party at the time.[16]
The other parties created a political coalition, theBroad Front UNEN.Elisa Carrió, leader of the Civic Coalition, left UNEN and joined a coalition with Macri'sPRO instead. Both of them would run in the primary elections.[17]
TheRadical Civic Union was divided:Ernesto Sanz proposed to join Macri as well, andJulio Cobos proposed to stay in UNEN. The party held a convention to decide what to do, and Sanz's proposal prevailed. Thus, the UCR left UNEN and joined the PRO-CC.[13]
The new coalition was named "Cambiemos", suggesting a change from the 12-year long rule ofcenter-leftKirchnerists.[15]
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Macri, Sanz, and Carrió ran to be the nominee in theprimary elections with Macri winning by a wide margin. He won the presidential election against the Kirchnerite candidateDaniel Scioli in aballotage. In lower-level posts,Horacio Rodríguez Larreta was elected as Macri's replacement, keeping the City of Buenos Aires under coalition control.Alfredo Cornejo andGerardo Morales became governors ofMendoza andJujuy Provinces, respectively.María Eugenia Vidal defeatedAníbal Fernández and became the governor of the populousBuenos Aires Province, ending 28 years ofPeronist control.[18]
The2017 Argentine legislative election renewed a third of the seats in the Senate and half in the Chamber of Deputies. The result was a victory for the rulingCambiemos alliance, being the most voted force in 13 of the 24 districts.[19]
In June 2019, an extension of theCambiemos alliance was made: it is renamed Together for Change, by adding toFederal Peronism led byMiguel Ángel Pichetto, who would share the presidential formula of space together withMauricio Macri. In the 2019 presidential elections, JxC was in second place, with 40% of the votes, behindAlberto Fernández, who won first round with 48% of the votes.
In theprovince of Buenos Aires, GovernorMaría Eugenia Vidal sought re-election but was defeated by the candidate of theFrente de Todos,Axel Kicillof, who won 52% of the votes against 38% obtained by JxC.[20]
In theCity of Buenos Aires,Horacio Rodríguez Larreta joins theRadical Civic Union and theSocialist Party to the district alliance and is reelected asChief of Government with 56% of the votes in the first round.[21][22][23]
On10 December 2019, the Centre-LeftAlberto Fernández of theJusticialist Party was inaugurated President, after defeating the incumbentMauricio Macri in the2019 Argentine general election.[24]
On 14 November 2021, the center-left coalition of Argentina's ruling Peronist party,Frente de Todos (Front for Everyone), lost its majority in Congress for the first time in almost 40 years in midtermlegislative elections. The election victory of Juntos por el Cambio meant a tough final two years in office for President Alberto Fernández. Losing control of the Senate made it difficult for him to make key appointments, including to the judiciary. It also forced him to negotiate with the opposition every initiative he sends to the legislature.[25][26]
In2023 Argentine general election,Patricia Bullrich, the candidate of Juntos por el Cambio, was defeated in the first round. After the election, Patricia Bullrich returned to government as security minister in presidentJavier Milei's Cabinet in December 2023. Bullrich also stated that she will step down both as the leader of Juntos por el Cambio and her own Republican proposal (PRO) party.[27]
Cambiemos is abig tent coalition, variously described ascentrist,[28] tocentre-right.[29][30] The coalition describes itself as anti-populist andliberal.[31][32][33]
FormerPresident and coalition leaderMauricio Macri has been described as a conservative.[34] Macri said he would tear up Argentina's memorandum of understanding withIran, seekVenezuela’s exclusion from the regional free trade associationMercosur and ease away from afixed exchange rate with the dollar. This is the "change of an era we need to be in the world", he declared at a press conference.[35] He aligned the country withgradualistneoliberalism and re-opened Argentina to international markets by liftingcurrency controls,restructuring sovereign debt, and pressingfree-market solutions.[36][37]
Macri said he would seek more sweeping reforms for Argentina after his governing coalition scored a resounding victory in 2017 congressional elections. Macri told reporters Argentinians should expect reforms in tax, education and labor, without providing details. Theconservative leader had been pushing afree-market reform agenda to try to overhaul Argentina's economy.[37] His presidency has been criticized for failing to materially reform theArgentine economy,[38][39] while receiving praise for leaving alegacy of anti-corruption,[40] and increasing Argentina'ssovereign marketability.[41][36]
The members of Cambiemos were constituted to "promoteeconomic development, the strengthening ofdemocracy and therepublican system, theindependence of justice, the quality ofeducation,social solidarity, and the personal happiness of the inhabitants of theArgentine Republic."[42]
Mauricio Macri received a country with huge economic problems, and sought to reverse things. Quickly, moved from afixed exchange-rate system to afloating one, removedtaxes on exports and reducedsubsidies on energy, to reduce thefiscal deficit.[43]
Macri avoided the use ofshock therapy and introduced the changes in agradual way.[44][45]
In April 2016, he negotiated with thevulture fund and ended thedefault to return to theinternational capital markets.[46]
Until January 2018, the gradualist system was working well, although at a slower pace than needed.[47]
Since May 2018, as part of an agreement with theInternational Monetary Fund, the government accelerated theausterity plans, aiming to completely remove thefiscal deficit.[48]
Domestically, he pursued moderatesocially liberal policies, liberalized theenergy sector, and combattedpublic corruption.[49]
Macri named twoSupreme Court justices.[50]
President Mauricio Macri encouraged the discussion of anabortion law during the2018 opening of regular sessions of the National Congress of Argentina.[51] The bill, called "Voluntary termination of pregnancy", divided the coalition, that had no official position and the legislators voted according their beliefs.
Mauricio Macri,Maria Eugenia Vidal,Horacio Rodríguez Larreta,Elisa Carrió, and ministersMarcos Peña,Rogelio Frigerio,Esteban Bullrich, etc., areanti-abortion;Martin Lousteau,Mario Negri,Luis Petcoff Naidenoff and ministers Sergio Rubinstein,Patricia Bullrich,Sergio Bergman,Juan José Aranguren, etc.; arepro-abortion.[52][53][54]
In this coalition of 108 members, the rejection of the project was imposed, with 65 negative votes compared to 42 positive.[55]
Within the ruling alliance, thePRO prevailed with the negative vote (37) - it should be remembered that PresidentMauricio Macri had expressed himself "in favor of life" - while 17 voted for the positive. Inradicalism, 24 supported the initiative, 16 rejected it. In theCivic Coalition, of its 10 members, onlyJuan Manuel López voted in favor.[55]
When the bill was brought up again in late 2020, the coalition split, with 69 voting against and 42 in favour. In thePRO 40 members voted against while only 11 voted in favour, while in theCivic Coalition 4 supported the bill and 9 voted against. In contrast theradicals saw a greater endorsement of the bill, having 27 of its members in support and only 18 against.
In the senate, the coalition was divided more evenly, with 11 members voting in favour and 14 against. It also resulted in an inversion of party support, with a majority ofPRO voting favourably (5 yes and 3 no), while theradicals voted 9 against and 5 in favour. Other minor parties in JxC on both chambers also voted in different positions.
Cambiemos strongly opposes the regime ofNicolás Maduro inVenezuela forhuman rights abuses and calls for a restoration ofdemocracy in the country.[56][57] It recognizedJuan Guaidó, who was electedPresident of Venezuela by theNational Assembly during theVenezuelan presidential crisis of 2019.[58]
Macri improvedthe relations with the United States[59]and fromMercosur achieved afree trade agreement with theEuropean Union[60] and closer ties with thePacific Alliance.[61]
Macri and hisForeign MinisterSusana Malcorra endorsedDemocratHillary Clinton in the2016 US presidential election, which was won byRepublicanDonald Trump.[62]
Mauricio Macri said he wanted to start a "new kind of relationship" with theUnited Kingdom over theFalkland Islands as he tried to move his country towards a centrist position in world affairs.[63]
During the first week in office, Macri annulled theMemorandum of understanding between Argentina and Iran, which would have established a joint investigation into the1994 bombing with AMIA, a terrorist attack on a Jewish organization for which Argentina blamedHezbollah andIran.[64]
| President | Photo | District | Presidency start date | Presidency end date | Time in office |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mauricio Macri (b. 1959) | .jpg) | Buenos Aires | 10 December 2015 | 10 December 2019 | 4 years, 0 days |
| Election | Candidate | First round | Second round | Result | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
| 2015 | Mauricio Macri | 8,601,131 | 34.15 (#2) | 12,988,349 | 51.34 (#1) | Won |
| 2019 | 10,811,586 | 40.28 (#2) | — | Lost | ||
| 2023 | Patricia Bullrich | 6,379,023 | 23.81 (#3) | — | Lost | |
| Election year | votes | % | seats won | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 8,230,605 | 35.11 | 47 / 130 | Minority government |
| 2017 | 10,261,407 | 41.75 | 64 / 127 | Minority government |
| 2019 | 10,347,605 | 40.36 | 56 / 130 | Opposition |
| 2021 | 9,832,813 | 41.89 | 61 / 127 | Opposition |
| 2023 | 6,412,133 | 26.12 | 32 / 130 | Confidence and supply |
| Election year | votes | % | seats won | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 2,770,410 | 38.81 | 9 / 24 | Minority Government |
| 2017 | 4,864,886 | 41.01 | 12 / 24 | Minority Government |
| 2019 | 2,210,310 | 39.22 | 8 / 24 | Opposition |
| 2021 | 3,260,964 | 46.85 | 14 / 24 | Opposition |
| 2023 | 2,969,070 | 25.57 | 2 / 24 | Confidence and supply |
With the victory of thecenter-rightliberal Cambiemos alliance in the 2015 presidential elections, a cycle of 13 years of progressive reform ended in Argentina. Rather than being an isolated phenomenon, this development coincided ...
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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