| Caloundra Sunshine Coast, Queensland | |
|---|---|
_(cropped).jpg) King's Beach | |
  Caloundra | |
 | |
| Coordinates | 26°48′17″S153°08′02″E / 26.8047°S 153.1338°E /-26.8047; 153.1338 (Caloundra (town centre)) |
| Population | 96,305 (2021 census)[1] |
| • Density | 851.5/km2 (2,205.4/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4551 |
| Area | 113.1 km2 (43.7 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| Location | |
| LGA(s) | Sunshine Coast Region |
| State electorate(s) | |
| Federal division(s) | Fisher |
| Website | Caloundra |
Caloundra (/kəˈlaʊndrʌ/kə-LOWN-druh)[2] is a coastal town in theSunshine Coast Region,Queensland, Australia.[3][4] In the2021 census, the town of Caloundra had a population of 96,305 people.[1]
Caloundra is 90 kilometres (55.9 mi) north of theBrisbane central business district. Caloundra is accessible fromLandsborough railway station, 21 kilometres (13.0 mi) away, and theCaloundra bus station.
Bribie Island is located across thePumicestone Passage to the south.[5]
Caloundra marks the coastal northern extent of theMoreton Bay Marine Park.[6]
Caloundra lies within theAboriginalGubbi Gubbi (Kabi Kabi, Cabbee, Carbi, Gabi Gabi) language region.[7] The nameCaloundra is from the Gubbi Gubbi languageCullowundoor withKal Owen meaning 'beech tree' (Gmelina leichhardtii) andDha meaning 'place'.[8]
Caloundra Head was previously known as Petrie Point and Point Wickham (or Wickham Point). Point Wickham takes its name fromJohn Clements Wickham, who did a hydrographic survey of the northern section of Moreton Bay in 1846 and was later the Government Resident of Moreton Bay from 1853 to 1859.[9] Point Wickham was in use by 1860, where it was noted on official maps.[10] In an 1892 map it is named "Caloundra Head (Wickham Point)"[11] and at some time later the use of Caloundra Head became dominant and the use of the name Point Wickham seems to have discontinued.[12]
In 1875,Robert Bulcock, an English immigrant who founded a Brisbane newspaper and later represented the Brisbane electorate ofEnoggera in theLegislative Assembly of Queensland from 1885 until 1888, bought 277 acres (1.12 km2) of land in the region.[13] A town was surveyed in the 1870s, and land sales commenced in 1883. The first allotments of land in Caloundra were advertised for public auction on 28 August 1883. The map states 'the land is of a sandstone nature, undulating and ridgy, heavily timbered with Gum, Bloodwood, Tea-tree and Oak'.[14] A 1907 map shows several sections from George Street to Ernest St advertised for auction on 7 January 1907 by the Government Land Office.[15]
With its proximity to beaches, the area became popular with tourists and a number of hotels and guest houses were set up to accommodate them.[16]
.jpg)
In 1917, Bulcock's son, Robert Bulcock Jr, who was a councillor in theShire of Landsborough, subdivided part of the land into 404 lots. This area became known as Bulcock Beach.[13] 404 allotments of 'Bulcock Estate' were advertised for auction on 16 August 1917 by Isle, Love and Co, auctioneers, with an edge of the Estate mapped as adjacent to Tripcony's store and the Tramway terminus.[17][18][19]
In 1919, 29 subdivided allotments of 'Caloundra Heads Estate' were advertised to be auctioned on 20 December 1919 by Cameron Bros. in Brisbane. A map advertising the auction shows the majority of blocks were on Albert Street between King Street and Kings Beach.[20][21] Another undated map shows more blocks of this estate were advertised for auction on King Street towards Ernest Street.[22]
On Saturday 29 December 1934, Caloundra Methodist Church was opened and dedicated by the President of the Methodist State Conference, C. C. Truman. It was the first church in Caloundra.[23]
The Caloundra branch of theQueensland Country Women's Association was established in July 1937.[24][25]
St Andrew's Anglican Church was dedicated on Sunday 22 January 1939 byArchbishopWilliam Wand. The construction of the church had been strongly encouraged by Wand who holidayed at Caloundra with his friendQueensland GovernorLeslie Wilson. The Governor also attended the church's dedication.[26] On 10 December 1966 the foundation stone of the new church was laid ArchbishopPhilip Strong, who opened and dedicated the new church on 8 December 1967. The new church was consecrated in 1974.[27][28]
The first female councillor was Miriam Westaway, who represented Division 5 from 29 April 1961 to 30 March 1973. She was one of the first teachers at Caloundra State School. She was active in community groups such as theRSL Women's Auxiliary and a founder of the Caloundra Branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association and the local branch of theRed Cross.[29]
DuringWorld War II, the area became key to Australian defence due to defensive positions along the beaches. Radar stations and machine gun pits were mounted, and Australian and US armed forces came to the area. From the early 1950s onwards, Caloundra experienced a boom in development and population, and by 1968, it had come to dominate the Shire of Landsborough so completely that the council chambers were relocated to Caloundra.[16]
In 1971,Aboriginal nurseIsobelle Mary Ferguson, along with her second husband Francis Kent, bought Aminya Nursing Home in Caloundra. They expanded it and sold it in 1974, with Ferguson continuing to work there asmatron (Kent) until her retirement in 1986. Ferguson was the daughter of Indigenous leader and activistBill Ferguson, and had herself been active in the Indigenous rights movement inNew South Wales in the 1960s.[30]
The Caloundra Library opened in 1986 with a major refurbishment in 2017.[31]
In the1933 census, the locality of Caloundra had a population of 271 people.[32]
In the2016 census, the suburb of Caloundra had a population of 3,917 people.[33]
In the2021 census, the town of Caloundra had a population of 96,305 people.[1]
Caloundra has a number ofheritage-listed sites, including:
Caloundra is not strictly defined, but the boundary used by theAustralian Bureau of Statistics for census purposes and the urban zone defined by theSunshine Coast Regional Council (formerly theCaloundra City Council) almost exactly coincide.[citation needed] This region is bounded roughly by Currimundi Creek, Rainforest Drive and the Mooloolah River to the north, Beerwah State Forest andBruce Highway to the west, thePumicestone Passage (separating the area fromBribie Island) and the ocean to the east, and Bells Creek to the south.[citation needed] Thecentral business district (CBD) for the area is located on Bulcock Street,Caloundra.[37]
The Caloundra urban centre consists of the following suburbs:[citation needed]
|
| Climate data for Caloundra, Queensland | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.6 (99.7) | 35.2 (95.4) | 33.8 (92.8) | 32.5 (90.5) | 29.6 (85.3) | 26.5 (79.7) | 27.0 (80.6) | 28.4 (83.1) | 33.3 (91.9) | 32.2 (90.0) | 34.6 (94.3) | 35.5 (95.9) | 37.6 (99.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.4 (79.5) | 24.6 (76.3) | 22.2 (72.0) | 19.8 (67.6) | 19.3 (66.7) | 20.3 (68.5) | 22.3 (72.1) | 24.1 (75.4) | 25.4 (77.7) | 27.0 (80.6) | 23.8 (74.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.4 (70.5) | 21.2 (70.2) | 19.9 (67.8) | 17.4 (63.3) | 14.9 (58.8) | 11.7 (53.1) | 10.8 (51.4) | 11.6 (52.9) | 13.9 (57.0) | 16.5 (61.7) | 18.5 (65.3) | 20.3 (68.5) | 16.5 (61.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) | 15.3 (59.5) | 13.4 (56.1) | 9.3 (48.7) | 6.4 (43.5) | 4.3 (39.7) | 3.3 (37.9) | 5.0 (41.0) | 6.8 (44.2) | 9.2 (48.6) | 11.7 (53.1) | 12.7 (54.9) | 3.3 (37.9) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 174.0 (6.85) | 202.4 (7.97) | 208.0 (8.19) | 172.9 (6.81) | 170.3 (6.70) | 102.4 (4.03) | 89.2 (3.51) | 60.8 (2.39) | 54.3 (2.14) | 81.1 (3.19) | 113.3 (4.46) | 147.4 (5.80) | 1,578.3 (62.14) |
| Source: Bureau of Meteorology[38] | |||||||||||||
The region of the Sunshine Coast, including Caloundra, is serviced by theSunshine Coast Airport, located atMarcoola. A smallerregional airport is also located at Caloundra.
Caloundra's suburbs are served byKinetic Sunshine Coast, who operate theCaloundra bus station in Cooma Terrace. Bus routes 600, 602, 603, 605, 607, 609 connect Caloundra toKawana Waters,Maroochydore,Buderim andLandsborough.[39] Of residents aged 15 and over, 0.5% report using public transport to commute to work.[40]
Landsborough railway station on theSunshine Coast line has regular services toRoma Street railway station in Brisbane, operated byQueensland Rail. There are several bus companies providing coach services from Caloundra toBrisbane Airport.
Caloundra has a variety ofbeaches, providing amenity to the local residents and tourists.
TheSunshine Coast Council operates a public library at 8 Omrah Avenue.[42]
The Caloundra branch of theQueensland Country Women's Association meets at 17 Kalinga Street.[43]
St Andrew's Anglican Church is at 46 Upper Gay Terrace, Kings Beach (26°48′12″S153°08′17″E / 26.8032°S 153.1381°E /-26.8032; 153.1381 (St Andrew's Anglican Church)).[44] Some of the church's locum staff of retired priests are part of theProgressive Christianity movement.[45] CaloundraUniting Church also has links to the Progressive Christianity movement.[46]
Caloundra has won theAustralian Tidy Town Award in 2012.[47] The Queensland Tourism Industry Council named Caloundra the 2023 Queensland Top Tourism Town.[48]
This Wikipedia article incorporatesCC BY 4.0licensed text from:"Gubbi Gubbi".Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map.State Library of Queensland. Retrieved23 January 2020.This article was published: in theIndigenous Australian Dictionary of Biography online in 2024
Media related toCaloundra, Queensland at Wikimedia Commons| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
