Acalathus/ˈkæləθəs/ orkalathos/ˈkæləˌθɒs/ (Ancient Greek:κάλαθος, pluralcalathi orkalathoiκάλαθοι) was abasket resembling atop hat, used to hold wool or fruit, often used inancient Greek art as a symbol of abundance and fertility. These baskets were made by weaving together reeds or twigs.[1] They were typically used by women to store skeins of wool,[2] but they had other uses in the household. In Roman times, there are reports for baskets of these sorts to be used in agricultural activities like bringing in the fruits from the fields.[3]
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The word was also used to describe ceramicvases designed in the shape of the calathus basket, which is the usual application inarchaeology, since vases have survived while baskets have not.[4][5]
The calathus usually had a narrow base and a flared top. The decoration on some of the ceramic calathi is taken to imitate the woven texture of a basket. This can be achieved by a painted design, but many calathi have open-work cut into their sides[6] and some have impressed decoration. Calathi may occur with or without handles. In both the Greek and Roman worlds these baskets had many uses, but were especially associated withwool working and theharvest.[7]
The calathus is principally a multifunctional basket. Literary sources report that, depending on the context, the calathus could containwool, but also food (bread, cheese, milk, fruits and vegetables), small animals or flowers. The calathi were most often made ofwillow rods, but other examples made from clay, metal, glass and stone are also known. A silver calathus with a golden rim is mentioned byHomer as belonging to Helen, this one even ran on wheels. Calathi are also depicted onGreek vases in other contexts. Illustrations on south-Italian vases make use of the calathus as a symbol of afuture marital relationship.[8]
InCyprus, a fragmentary figurine of a woman wearing a crown (polos in the shape of a calathus) has been identified asAphrodite. Similar crowned limestone heads have been found all over the island. The calathus has traditionally been interpreted as afertility symbol, reserved for goddesses or their priestesses.[9]
