Calabarzon Southern Tagalog | |
|---|---|
    .jpg) | |
| Motto: Calabarzon sa Habang Panahon! (Calabarzon Forever!) | |
 Location in the Philippines | |
OpenStreetMap  | |
| Coordinates:14°00′N121°30′E / 14°N 121.5°E /14; 121.5 | |
| Country |  Philippines |
| Island group | Luzon |
| Regional center | Calamba |
| Largest city | Antipolo |
| Area | |
• Total | 16,873.31 km2 (6,514.82 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 2,170 m (7,120 ft) |
| Population (2024 census)[1] | |
• Total | 16,933,234 |
| • Rank | 1st |
| • Density | 1,003.551/km2 (2,599.186/sq mi) |
| GDP(Nominal, 2024) | |
| • Total | US$65.2 billion[2] |
| • Per capita | US$3,831[2] |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
| ISO 3166 code | PH-40 |
| Provinces | |
| Independent cities | |
| Component cities | |
| Municipalities | 120 |
| Barangays | 4,019 |
| Cong. districts | 19 |
| Native Languages | |
| HDI |  0.796 (High) |
| HDI rank | 2nd in the Philippines (2019) |
Calabarzon (officially stylized inall caps;[4]English:/ˌkɑːləbɑːrˈzɒn/;Tagalog:[kalɐbaɾˈsɔn]), sometimes referred to asSouthern Tagalog[5] (Tagalog:Timog Katagalugan[6]) and designated asRegion IV‑A,[a] is anadministrative region in the Philippines. It is situated southeast ofMetro Manila and is bordered byManila Bay and theSouth China Sea to the west,Lamon Bay and theBicol Region to the east,Tayabas Bay and theSibuyan Sea to the south, andCentral Luzon to the north. Comprising fiveprovinces—Cavite,Laguna,Batangas,Rizal, andQuezon (hence theacronym)—and onehighly urbanized city,Lucena, it is the most populous region in the Philippines, according to the2020 census, with over 16.1 million inhabitants.[7] It is also the country's second most densely populated region, after theNational Capital Region.[7]Calamba in Laguna serves as the regional center, whileAntipolo in Rizal is the most populous city in the region.
Before its creation as a separate region, Calabarzon, along with theMimaropa region, the province ofAurora, and parts of Metro Manila, comprised the historical region known asSouthern Tagalog until they wereseparated in 2002 through Executive Order No. 103.[4]
The history of the area now known as Calabarzon dates back toearly historic times.[8] Local historians[9] believe that three of the 10th century place-names mentioned in the Philippines' earliest known written document, theLaguna Copperplate Inscription, pertain to regions or polities (bayan) along the shores of Laguna de Bay;[10] and someFilipino-Chinese scholars believe the 10th century trading polity known asMa-i may actually have been the predecessor of the present day town ofBay, Laguna.[11] Since the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines, the region has served as home to some of the most important Philippine historical figures, including the Philippinenational hero,José Rizal, who was born in Calamba.
The nameCalabarzon is derived from the first syllables ofCavite (Ca),Laguna (la), andBatangas (ba), the first letter ofRizal (r), and the last syllable ofQuezon (zon).[12]
On June 5, 1901, a convention was called on whether or not the province ofManila should annex thedistrict of Morong, which was found to be unable to be self-sufficient as a province. Eventually, on June 11,Act No. 137 of theFirst Philippine Commission abolished Morong and created a new province, named after the Philippines' national hero, Jose Rizal, who, coincidentally, was a native of Laguna. The new province comprised 29 municipalities, 17 from Manila and 12 from Morong. In 1902,Macario Sakay, a veteranKatipunan member, established theTagalog Republic in the mountains of Rizal. Ultimately, Sakay's Tagalog Republic ended in 1906 when he and his men were betrayed under the guise of holding a national assembly aimed at the self-determination of the Filipino people.[13]
On September 7, 1946, theThird Philippine Republic enactedRepublic Act No. 14, which renamed the province of Tayabas toQuezon, in honor ofManuel Quezon,[14] the secondPresident of the Philippines and elected governor of Tayabas in 1906 and congressman of 1st district of Tayabas in 1907 and a native ofBaler (now part ofAurora), formerly one of the towns of Quezon Province. In 1951, the northern part of Quezon became the sub-province Aurora, named after Quezon'swife, also a native of Baler.[15] One obvious reason for creating the sub-province was the area's isolation from the rest of Quezon Province: there were no direct links to the rest of the province and much of the terrain was mountainous and heavily forested, which made the area relatively isolated, and its distance from Quezon's capital Lucena.[16][17]
On September 24, 1972, PresidentFerdinand Marcos enactedPresidential Decree No. 1, which organized the provinces into 11 regions as part of Marcos' Integrated Reorganization Plan.[18] The IRP created Region IV, known as theSouthern Tagalog region, and was the largest region in the Philippines. At this time, Region IV consisted of Batangas, Cavite, Laguna,Marinduque,Oriental Mindoro,Occidental Mindoro, Quezon, Rizal,Romblon, andPalawan. In 1979, Aurora formally became a province independent of Quezon and was also included in Region IV.[citation needed]
On May 17, 2002, PresidentGloria Macapagal Arroyo signedExecutive Order No. 103, which reorganized the Southern Tagalog region. Due to its size, Region IV was split into two separate regions, Region IV-A (Calabarzon) and Region IV-B (Mimaropa). Aurora was transferred to Region III,Central Luzon, the province's geographic location;[4] the total separation of Aurora from Quezon & transfer of Aurora to Central Luzon were the fulfillment of the wishes of the residents of the original Municipalities of Baler and Casiguran to be truly independent from the Quezon Province for the first time & the result of original formation of Pampanga since the Spanish occupation.[19] Many residents and government leaders of Aurora objected to the change, as Aurora maintains strong historical and cultural connections to the rest of Southern Tagalog, particularly Quezon Province, thus also of the memory of Manuel Quezon, and with that, Aurora residents self-identified with Quezon; but Aurora's transfer to Central Luzon means that geographically, the province is more accessible by land fromNueva Ecija and of course,San Fernando, Pampanga, the regional capital of Central Luzon.[20] The next year, Arroyo signedExecutive Order No. 246, which declaredCalamba as the regional center of the region.[21] On the other hand, Lucena is home to most of the branches of governmental agencies, businesses, banks and service facilities in the region.
The region is the 12th largest region in the Philippines, with an area of 16,873.31 km2 (6,514.82 sq mi). The region itself is relatively flat, but also consists of coastal areas and highlands.[22] It is bordered byManila Bay in the west,Metro Manila,Bulacan, andAurora in the north,Lamon Bay andBicol in the east, and theIsla Verde Passage in the south. Each province in the region is composed of different environments, ranging from low coastal areas to rugged mountainous ones.
Cavite is characterized by rolling hinterlands punctured by hills, with a shoreline borderingManila Bay and a rugged portion bordering Batangas nearMount Pico de Loro.Tagaytay is located in Cavite, borderingAlfonso,Silang,Calamba, andSanta Rosa.Mount Sungay is the highest peak in the province and can be found in Tagaytay. There are nine islands in Cavite, most notable of which is the island ofCorregidor. Historically a site of great strategic importance, Corregidor is found at the mouth of Manila Bay and is under the jurisdiction ofCavite City.
Laguna has rugged terrain, with narrow plains near the shores ofLaguna de Bay and mountainous ranges further inland. Laguna de Bay is the largest lake in the Philippines, and is named after the town ofBay. Laguna is also home toMount Makiling, adormant volcano nearLos Baños reputed for its mystical properties. There are also a lot ofhot springs near the Makiling area, especially inSan Pablo. Another famous landmark in Laguna are thePagsanjan Falls, inCavinti. The water from the Pagsanjan Falls comes from theBumbungan River.Mount Banahaw borders Laguna and Quezon, and is similarly considered to be aholy mountain like Makiling.
The Batangas area is mostly elevated, with small low flat lands and scattered mountain areas. Batangas is also home to theTaal Volcano, acomplex volcano and one of the 16Decade Volcanoes. The Taal Volcano is situated withinTaal Lake, making Taal a third-order island, and possibly one of the largest in the world. Other islands in Batangas areVerde Island, near the Isla Verde Passage, andFortune Island inNasugbu. Batangas borders Cavite via Mount Pico de Loro, known for the views that could be found in its summit.Mount Macolod andMount Batulao can also be found in Batangas.
Rizal is situated north of Laguna de Bay, and consists of a mixture of valleys and mountain ranges, with flat low-lying areas in the western portion of the province near Manila. The eastern portion of Rizal has hills and ridges which form part of theSierra Madre range.Talim Island, the largest island in Laguna de Bay, is under the jurisdiction of the province of Rizal.
Quezon province is mountainous, with few plains and swamps, and the tail-end of the Sierra Madre running through it. Quezon is a narrow province, with theTayabas Isthmus comprising the southern part of the province and connecting it to theBicol Peninsula. The southern part also consists of theBondoc Peninsula, sandwiched between theTayabas Bay andRagay Gulf.
The largest islands in Quezon are theAlabat andPolillo islands, which are both located inLamon Bay, connecting toCalauag Bay of the town ofCalauag. Laguna shares a border with Quezon via Mount Banahaw.
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Calabarzon comprises five provinces, 1highly urbanized city, 21component cities and 4,019 barangays.
| ProvinceorHUC | Capital | Population(2020)[23] | Area[24] | Density | Cities | Muni. | Barangay | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| km2 | sq mi | /km2 | /sq mi | |||||||||
 Batangas | Batangas City | 18.0% | 2,908,494 | 3,115.05 | 1,202.73 | 930 | 2,400 | 5 | 29 | 1,078 | ||
 Cavite | Imus | 26.8% | 4,344,829 | 1,526.28 | 589.30 | 2,800 | 7,300 | 8 | 15 | 829 | ||
 Laguna | Santa Cruz | 20.9% | 3,382,193 | 1,928.23 | 744.49 | 1,800 | 4,700 | 6 | 24 | 681 | ||
 Quezon | Lucena † | 12.0% | 1,950,459 | 8,743.84 | 3,376.02 | 220 | 570 | 1 | 39 | 1,209 | ||
 Rizal | Antipolo | 20.6% | 3,330,143 | 1,182.65 | 456.62 | 2,800 | 7,300 | 1 | 13 | 189 | ||
 Lucena | † | — | 1.7% | 278,924 | 80.21 | 30.97 | 3,500 | 9,100 | 1 | — | 33 | |
| Total | 16,195,042 | 16,576.26 | 6,400.13 | 980 | 2,500 | 21 | 122 | 4,019 | ||||
† Lucena is ahighly urbanized city; figures are excluded from Quezon province. | ||||||||||||
| Province | Governor | Vice governor | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Map | Image | Name | Party | Image | Name | Party | ||
 Batangas |  | .jpg) | Vilma Santos | Nacionalista | .jpg) | Hermilando Mandanas | PDP–Laban | ||
 Cavite |  | .jpg) | Abeng Remulla | NUP |  | Ram Revilla | Lakas | ||
 Laguna |  | .jpg) | Sol Aragones | AKAY |  | JM Carait | Lakas | ||
 Rizal |  |  | Nina Ynares | NPC |  | Josefina Gatlabayan | NPC | ||
 Quezon |  |  | Angelina Tan | Stan Q |  | Anacleto Alcala III | Stan Q | ||
Calabarzon has 22cities (21component cities and 1highly urbanized city ofLucena) in total, making it the region with the most cities amongst the Luzon regions.Antipolo is the most populous city in the region, as well as the 6th most populous city of the whole Philippines, while Bacoor and San Pedro is the most densely populated cities in the whole region. A large section of Calabarzon is considered part of theGreater Manila Area; whileBatangas City is the center of theBatangas metropolitan area. The region has agross regional product of₱1.65 trillion (at current prices), which accounts for 17% of the nationalGDP.[25]
On August 7, 2000, the municipality ofLos Baños, Laguna, was declared as a "Special Science and Nature City of the Philippines"[26][27] through Presidential Proclamation No. 349[28] in recognition of its importance as a center for science and technology, being home to many prestigious educational, environmental and research institutions. This proclamation does not convert the municipality to a city or give it corporate powers that are accorded to other cities.
| City | Population(2020)[23] | Area[29] | Density | City class | Income class | Province | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| km2 | sq mi | /km2 | /sq mi | |||||
| Antipolo[b] | 887,399 | 306.10 | 118.19 | 2,900 | 7,500 | Component | 1st | Rizal |
| Bacoor[c] | 664,625 | 46.17 | 17.83 | 14,000 | 36,000 | Component | 1st | Cavite |
| Batangas City | 351,437 | 282.96 | 109.25 | 1,200 | 3,100 | Component | 1st | Batangas |
| Biñan | 407,437 | 43.50 | 16.80 | 9,400 | 24,000 | Component | 1st | Laguna |
| Cabuyao | 355,330 | 43.40 | 16.76 | 8,200 | 21,000 | Component | 1st | Laguna |
| Calaca | 87,361 | 114.58 | 44.24 | 760 | 2,000 | Component | N/A | Batangas |
| †Calamba | 539,671 | 149.50 | 57.72 | 3,600 | 9,300 | Component | 1st | Laguna |
| Carmona | 106,256 | 29.68 | 11.46 | 3,600 | 9,300 | Component | N/A | Cavite |
| Cavite City | 100,674 | 10.89 | 4.20 | 9,200 | 24,000 | Component | 4th | Cavite |
| Dasmariñas | 703,141 | 90.13 | 34.80 | 7,800 | 20,000 | Component | 1st | Cavite |
| General Trias | 450,583 | 90.01 | 34.75 | 5,000 | 13,000 | Component | 1st | Cavite |
| Imus | 496,794 | 53.15 | 20.52 | 9,300 | 24,000 | Component | 1st | Cavite |
| Lipa | 372,931 | 209.40 | 80.85 | 1,800 | 4,700 | Component | 1st | Batangas |
| Lucena | 278,924 | 80.21 | 30.97 | 3,500 | 9,100 | Highly Urbanized | 1st | Quezon |
| San Pablo | 285,348 | 197.56 | 76.28 | 1,400 | 3,600 | Component | 1st | Laguna |
| San Pedro | 326,001 | 24.05 | 9.29 | 14,000 | 36,000 | Component | 1st | Laguna |
| Santa Rosa | 414,812 | 54.84 | 21.17 | 7,600 | 20,000 | Component | 1st | Laguna |
| Santo Tomas | 218,500 | 95.41 | 36.84 | 5,900 | 15,000 | Component | 1st | Batangas |
| Tagaytay | 85,330 | 65.00 | 25.10 | 1,300 | 3,400 | Component | 2nd | Cavite |
| Tanauan | 193,936 | 107.16 | 41.37 | 1,800 | 4,700 | Component | 1st | Batangas |
| Tayabas | 112,658 | 230.95 | 89.17 | 490 | 1,300 | Component | 6th | Quezon |
| Trece Martires | 210,503 | 39.10 | 15.10 | 5,400 | 14,000 | Component | 4th | Cavite |
Notes
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| Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[31][1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Calabarzon has a population of 16.1 million people, the largest of all the regions of the Philippines.[23] The population growth rate between 2000 and 2010 of 3.07% decreased from the growth rate between 1990 and 2000 of 3.91%, a trend which coincided with the rest of the nation. Life expectancy in Calabarzon is 68.9 years for men and 75.2 years for women. There are an estimated 356,000Overseas Filipino Workers originating from Calabarzon.[32]
A vast majority of people living in Calabarzon areTagalogs. It is estimated that around 5.8 million Tagalogs live in Region IV-A.[33]Taal, in particular, is considered the "Heartland of Tagalog Culture" and is currently the "center" of the Tagalog culture and people. Calabarzon is also home to a sizable number of people withChinese andSpanish ancestry on account of Chinese immigration and Spanish colonization, respectively.
Because of the large majority of Tagalog natives, the majority of people living in Calabarzon speak the Tagalog language.Filipino, being a version of Tagalog, is predominant in the region, which is spoken as a lingua franca of Tagalog speakers of different dialects.English is also used in Calabarzon. In Cavite,Chavacano, acreole language, was once commonly spoken; however, its usage is now in steep decline, and it is now only spoken by a handful of elderly residents in the province. The other native language spoken in Calabarzon isHatang Kayi, also named as Sinauna, aCentral Luzon language spoken inTanay, Rizal andGeneral Nakar, Quezon; this is related to Kapampangan andSambalic languages. Other native languages spoken in the region are theManide language in east Quezon and a small portion in north Quezon, theUmiray Dumaget language in north Quezon and a small area in central Quezon, theInagta Alabat language onAlabat Island, and theTagabulós language in Infanta.[34] Languages not native in the region are also spoken by minority residents, includingBicolano,Butuanon,Cebuano, variousCordilleran languages,Cuyunon,Hiligaynon,Ilocano (especially in Quezon bordering Aurora),Karay-a,Kapampangan, Lumad (indigenous tribal languages in Mindanao),Surigaonon,Waray,Maguindanaon,Maranao andTausug.
The large majority of the population of Calabarzon are part of a Christian denomination, with theCatholic Church forming the largest proportion with its adherents accounting for 89% of the regional population. It is then followed up by theIglesia ni Cristo (3.06%) ,Philippine Independent Church (0.066%) and theJesus is Lord Church (0.4%). A smallMuslim population also exists, accounting for 0.4% of the regional population.[35]
| Affiliation | Number | Percentage | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roman Catholic[a] | 14,390,095 | 89.1% | ||
| Iglesia ni Cristo | 494,599 | 3.06% | ||
| Philippine Independent Church | 107,210 | 0.66% | ||
| Islam | 80,057 | 0.50% | ||
| Jesus is Lord Church | 65,036 | 0.4% | ||
| Church of Christ | 63,664 | 0.39% | ||
| Seventh-day Adventist | 58,949 | 0.37% | ||
| Bible Baptist Church | 52,301 | 0.32% | ||
| Christian Missions in the Philippines | 45,166 | 0.28% | ||
| Jehovah's Witnesses | 45,122 | 0.28% | ||
| Other religious affiliations | 737,571 | 4.57% | ||
| None | 3,338 | 0.02% | ||
| Not reported | 805 | 0% | ||
| Total | 16,139,770 | 100% | ||
| Source:Philippine Statistics Authority[35] | ||||
Calabarzon is the second largest contributor to the national GDP, accounting for 17% of the gross domestic product. The region boasts a 2.1% inflation rate, lower than the national average of 3%. The region has a 9.2% unemployment rate which is higher than the national average of 7%. Calabarzon, much like the rest of the country, is caught in the middle of being an industrial and an agricultural economy.
Due to the region's proximity toMetro Manila, a large amount of urbanization has taken place over the years. Cavite and Laguna in particular are sites of manufacturing and high-tech industries, with companies likeIntel andPanasonic setting up plants in the region. Santa Rosa, Laguna, is home to a host of semi-conductor and automotive companies such asAmkor andToyota, whileGeneral Trias is home to Cavite's largest economic development zone, the PEC Industrial Park.[citation needed]
The region still has a large agricultural base. As of 2002, the region had 282,700 farms, covering 588,500 hectares (1,454,000 acres), or 36.3% of the region's total land area.[44] Cavite alone has almost 70,500 hectares (174,000 acres) of agricultural land. Laguna is home to theInternational Rice Research Institute, which can be found within theUniversity of the Philippines Los Baños, whose main goal is to find sustainable ways to help rice farmers. Batangas, meanwhile, is home to a large pineapple and coconut industry, which is used to makebarong tagalogs andlambanog. Quezon is the country's leader in coconut products such ascoconut oil andcopra. Quezon's towns such asTayabas City,Mauban andInfanta are also known producers of commercialized nativeliqueurs such aslambanog and tuba. Rizal is known for its piggeries. Region IV-A's agricultural base, however, is slowly decreasing. Due to their proximity to large bodies of water, Laguna and Batangas also have sizable fishing industries.Taal Lake is a large source of fresh water fishes for the country.
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Due to the region's history and natural resources, tourism plays a major role in the regional economy.Cavite andLaguna are homes to various historical sites, such as theRizal Shrine inCalamba,[45] and theAguinaldo Shrine inKawit.[46][47][48]San Pablo is famous for itsseven lakes,[49]Pagsanjan for its majestic waterfalls and bothTaal Lake and the historicTaal town inBatangas.Tayabas is known as the City of Festivals, Rest and Recreation Destination of Quezon and famous forlambanog.
The Minor Basilica of Saint Michael Archangel is the religious testaments of the Tayabenses and declared as National Cultural Treasures of the Philippines, the Casa Comunidad de Tayabas, the former office of the then President Manuel Luis Quezon and the place where Hermano Pule was sentenced to death, and the Malagonlong Bridge and the 9 other century-old Spanish arch type and National Cultural Treasure bridges. Local festivals include the Taytsinoy Festival, Mayohan Festival, Pa'yas Festival Hagisan Festival, Baliskog Festival, Angel Festival, Aguyod Festival and the Turumba Festival every Holy Week.
Lucban is most famous for its annualPahiyas Festival or locally known as Pahiyas, an event not only visited by local tourists but also by international tourists as well. Devotees and pilgrims also visit Lucban'sKamay ni Hesus Shrine, which has a 50-foot statue of the Ascending Christ on top of a hill.[50] Batangas is also famous for its scenic beaches inNasugbu andCalatagan. Antipolo is another major tourist spot, found in Rizal. The region is also home to a multitude ofbaroque churches.
Being an industrialized region, Calabarzon is dotted with expressways and highways to serve the people traveling to factories and industries, as well as to accommodate traffic that comes to and from Metro Manila, as it is located just east and south of the region. ThePan-Philippine Highway is an important road that crosses through Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, and Quezon, serving as a gateway to the southern parts of Luzon.
TheSouth Luzon Expressway andSouthern Tagalog Arterial Road link the port of Batangas to Metro Manila, while theCavite–Laguna Expressway andManila–Cavite Expressway (also known as CAVITEX) seamlessly link industrial towns and cities that dot around Cavite and Laguna. All the aforementioned expressways also help accommodate the inter-modal traffic between Calabarzon and Metro Manila, serving as a faster, more viable alternative compared to primary highways that directly cross municipal and city centers.
The Laguna Lake Highway, a joint project of DPWH NCR and Region IV-A, is the widening/rehabilitation at Taytay, Rizal segment, a 3.34-kilometer road.
Currently, there are two more bridges being built - Barkadahan Bridge and Napindan Bridge - which will provide additional 2 lanes crossing over Manggahan Floodway and Pasig River, respectively.[51]
The military has dismantled three New People's Army (NPA) guerrilla fronts in theSouthern Tagalog region... The dismantling of these fronts has put an end to the NPA's terroristic activities in most parts of Region 4-A (Calabarzon).
Malacañang assured the public an investigation is underway on the deaths of activists in theSouthern Tagalog region... In his briefing on Monday, Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque said the government is obligated to probe the killings, which happened during simultaneous police operations inCalabarzon over the weekend.
Moderate to heavy rains are expected over Metro Manila andsouthern Tagalog due to the effect of shearline and trough of a low pressure area (LPA)... In its 11 p.m. weather advisory, PAGASA said moderate to heavy with at times intense rains may persist over Metro Manila andCalabarzon.
SECTION 2. Region IV-A shall be known as CALABARZON and shall be composed of the following provinces and cities: i. Batangas. ii. Cavite. iii. Laguna. iv. Quezon. v. Rizal.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)Sen. Edgardo Angara, Rep. Bellaflor Angara Castillo and Ricky Avanceña, grandson of the late President Manual Quezon, sought the scrapping of the executive order that transferred Aurora to Central Luzon... Angara, who hails from Aurora, called the order a "discretion of the historical, geographical and emotional ties of Aurora to the rest of Southern Tagalog, particularly Quezon province, but also of the memory of our first President, Manuel Quezon. Aurora the birthplace of the late President and his wife Doña Aurora Aragon, was a sub- province of Quezon until 1951... The province located on the eastern tip of Luzon and which faces the Pacific Ocean, is more accessible by land from Nueva Ecija, one of the Central Luzon's Provinces. It is one of the 20 poorest provinces in the country. However, Angara said Aurora residents have "consistently and publicly" identified themselves with Quezon.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)[...] 50-foot concrete icon of the Risen Christ at the summit of the hill [...]
Media related toCalabarzon at Wikimedia Commons
Calabarzon travel guide from Wikivoyage
Geographic data related toCalabarzon atOpenStreetMap 
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