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Cagayan Valley

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Administrative region of the Philippines
This article is about a region in the Philippines. For other uses, seeCagayan (disambiguation).

Region in Luzon, Philippines
Cagayan Valley
Tanap ti Cagayan
Clockwise from the top:Sabtang Beach,Governor's Rapids,Palaui Island,Bayombong Cathedral,Buntun Bridge,Sabtang Island,Tuguegarao Cathedral,Callao Cave,Tumauini Church, andBasco Lighthouse.
Location in the Philippines
Location in the Philippines
OpenStreetMap
Map
Country Philippines
Island groupLuzon
Regional center
and largest city		Tuguegarao
Area
 • Total
28,228.83 km2 (10,899.21 sq mi)
Highest elevation2,928 m (9,606 ft)
Population
 (2024 census)[2]
 • Total
3,777,608
 • Estimate 
(2020)
3,657,741[1]
 • Density133.8209/km2 (346.5946/sq mi)
GDP(Nominal, 2024)
 • TotalUS$9.9 billion (2024)[3]
 • Per capitaUS$2,606[3]
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ISO 3166 codePH-02
Provinces
Independent cities
Component cities
Municipalities89
Barangays2,311
Cong. districts12[4]
Languages
HDIIncrease 0.709 (High)
HDI rank7th in the Philippines (2019)

Cagayan Valley (Ilocano:Tanap ti Cagayan;Filipino:Lambak ng Cagayan;Spanish:Valle del Cagayán), designated asRegion II, is anadministrative region in thePhilippines. Located in the northeastern section ofLuzon,[5] it is composed of fivePhilippine provinces:Batanes,Cagayan,Isabela,Nueva Vizcaya, andQuirino. The region hosts four chartered cities:Cauayan,Ilagan,Santiago, andTuguegarao (the regional center and largest city).[6]

Most of its land area lies in the valley between theCordilleras and theSierra Madre mountain ranges. The eponymousCagayan River, the country's largest and longest, runs through the region, flows from theCaraballo Mountains, and ends inAparri. Cagayan Valley is the second-largest Philippine administrative region by land area.[7] According to a literacy survey in 2019, 93% of Cagayan Valley's citizens (ages 10 to 64) arefunctionally literate, which is 5th out of the 17regions of the Philippines.[8]

History

[edit]
[icon]
This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(March 2016)

Spanish colonial era

[edit]

During the Spanish era, Cagayan Valley had a larger territory than today, then namedProvincia de Cagayan. Then it included the territories of the above-mentioned provinces and the eastern parts of theCordillera provinces ofApayao,Kalinga,Mountain Province,Ifugao andBenguet, and the north part ofAurora. Historian and missionary Jose Burgues said, "The old Cagayan Valley comprises the province of Cagayan, Isabela and Nueva Vizcaya as well as the military Districts of Apayao, Itaves, Quiangan, Cayapa and Bintangan, plus the area of the Sierra Madre to the Pacific Ocean in the said trajectory."[9] The exception isPalanan, which was established in 1625 by Spanish forces who arrived by ship from the Pacific coastal town ofBaler in Tayabas province (now part of Aurora). Thus, Palanan was originally a part ofPampanga,[10] then toLaguna, Tayabas (nowQuezon Province; Tayabas became independent from Laguna), andNueva Ecija, before being transferred to Nueva Vizcaya and finally Isabela. Also, unlike the rest of Cagayan Valley, it was served by Franciscan missionaries from Baler rather than the Dominicans. The population of the town was natively Paranan, then subsequently augmented by local Negritos, migrants from Baler who areTagalogs and outlaws from Cagayan Valley, with the lingua franca of the settlement being Tagalog as opposed to Ilocano or Ibanag.[11] TheAtta orNegritos, the first people in valley, were later moved to the uplands or variably assimilated by the Austronesians, from whom theIbanags,Itawes, Yogads,Gaddangs, Irayas,Malawegs, andParanans descended – who actually came from one ethnicity. These are the people found by the Spaniards in the different villages along the rivers all over Cagayan Valley. The Spaniards rightly judged that these various villagers came from a single racial stock and decided to make the Ibanag language thelingua franca, both civilly and ecclesiastically for the entire people of Cagayan which they called collectively as theCagayanes which later was transliterated to becomeCagayanos. Various other peoples, mainly theIlocanos,Pangasinenses,Kapampangans andTagalogs, as well asVisayans,Moros,Ivatans, and even foreigners like the Chinese, Indians, Arabs, Spaniards and others were further infused to the native Cagayanes to become the modernCagayano that we know today.In 1818,Nueva Ecija annexed the towns of Palanan from Isabela, as well as Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Baler, Casiguran,Infanta (formerly called Binangonan de Lampon) andPolillo Islands fromTayabas, and part of Rizal.[12][13] In the nineteenth and 20th centuries, the prosperity found in tobacco cultivation caused manyIlokano people to settle here, it was only in this large-scale Ilocano settlement that made Ilocano language replace Ibanag as thelingua franca of the region. Ilocano settlers already migrated to Nueva Vizcaya (including present-day Quirino) earlier in 1700s also to work on the tobacco plantations, and later immigrants with skills construct churches and other structures needed for development, as the native Igorot tribes rejected labor imposed by the Spaniards. Tobacco is still a major factor in the economy of Cagayan, though a special economic zone and free port has been created to strengthen and diversify the provincial economy.

During World War II

[edit]

DuringWorld War II, atBalete Pass in Nueva Vizcaya, the retreatingJapanese Imperial Army under GeneralTomoyuki Yamashita dug in and held on for three months against the American and Filipino forces who eventually drove them out; the pass is now called Dalton Pass in honor of General Dalton, USA, who was killed in the fighting.

During the Marcos dictatorship

[edit]
Main articles:Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos andHuman rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship

Loan-funded government spending to promoteFerdinand Marcos' 1969 reelection campaign caused[14][15] the Philippine economy to take a sudden downwards turn in the form of the1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis,[16][17][18] which in turn led to social unrest throughout the country.[19]: "43"  Cagayan Valley became one of the flashpoints of conflict, with many previously-moderate young people joining the armed resistance against Marcos after being radicalized by various crackdowns.[20][21][22]

With only a year left in his last constitutionally allowed term as president, Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines underMartial Law in September 1972 and thus retained the position for fourteen more years.[23] This period in Philippine history is remembered for the Marcos administration's record ofhuman rights abuses,[24][25] particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship.[26]

In Isabela, protests erupted whenMarcos cronyDanding Cojuangco managed to block a Spanish-era grant which was supposed to see the return of Hacienda San Antonio and Hacienda Santa Isabel in Ilagan to local farmers, displacing tens of thousands of farmers who were supposed to get those lands back a hundred years after the Spanish accosted them.[27] TheRoman Catholic Diocese of Ilagan led efforts to support the farmers in their cause, succeeding in forcing the Marcos administration to finally concede land titles to 4,000 farmers, but earning the ire of the dicatatorship against leading church figures such as Ilagan BishopMiguel Purugganan, Diocesan Social Action Center researcher Sabino "Abe" Padilla, and the various nuns and lay workers of the Diocese.[28]

Also during that time, logging concessions were awarded toJuan Ponce Enrile,Herminio Disini, and other cronies, leading to the severe degradation of forest cover in the region, which contributed to widespread flooding and other environmental issues that persist today.[29][30]

Integration of new provinces

[edit]

Kalinga-Apayao and Ifugao were transferred to the Cagayan Valley region in 1972, and afterwards Ferdinand Marcos imposed a migration policy for Ilokanos into those provinces; the natives of Apayao calledIsnag become minority there.

Later 20th Century

[edit]
Main articles:People Power Revolution andCordillera autonomy movement

After thePeople Power Revolution in 1986, many of the activists who had joined the underground movement against Marcos decided to "surface", as the new administration ofCorazon Aquino released political prisoners and initiated peace talks.[31] However, anti-left sentiment in her new cabinet, which included individuals who had aligned themselves with theReform the Armed Forces Movement, made the peace process difficult. Negotiations eventually collapsed, and unrest in Cagayan valley persisted.[32][33]

When theCordillera Administrative Region was formed in 1987 underCorazon Aquino, the indigenous provinces of Ifugao andKalinga-Apayao (laterdivided into the provinces ofKalinga andApayao) were transferred into the newly formed region.

Contemporary history

[edit]

COVID-19 pandemic

[edit]
Main article:COVID-19 pandemic in Cagayan Valley

During the worldwideCOVID-19 pandemic, thesevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus reached Cagayan Valley on March 21, 2020, when the first case of the disease was confirmed inTuguegarao.[34] All provinces have confirmed at least one COVID-19 case, withBatanes being the last province to confirm a COVID-19 case on September 28, 2020.[35]

Extreme climate events

[edit]
Main articles:Climate change in the Philippines andTyphoon Vamco

In November 2020,Typhoon Vamco (known in the Philippines asTyphoon Ulysses) crossed the island ofLuzon,[36] causing dam operators from all around the island to release large amounts of water into their impounds as they neared their spilling points. All seven ofMagat Dam's gates were opened to preventdam failure, but the overflow into theCagayan River and caused widespread floods inCagayan andIsabela.[37][38][39] This event was worsened by the information gap that had developed as a result of the recentshutdown of the ABS-CBN broadcast network, because those areas had previously gotten weather updates primarily from the said network.[40][41][42]

Geography

[edit]
Northern Luzon topography showing Cagayan Valley

Cagayan Valley is the large mass of land in the northeastern region ofLuzon, comprising the provinces ofCagayan,Isabela,Nueva Vizcaya,Quirino, and theBatanes group of islands. It is bordered to the west by theCordillera mountain range, to the east by theSierra Madre, to the south by theCaraballo Mountains, and to the north by theLuzon Strait. Politically, it is bordered by theCordillera Administrative Region to the west, theIlocos Region to the northwest and southwest,Central Luzon to the south, andTaiwan to the north which shares maritime border fromBashi Channel.

The region contains two landlocked provinces, Quirino and Nueva Vizcaya, which are ruggedly mountainous and heavily forested. Nueva Vizcaya is the remnant of the southern province created when Cagayan Province was divided in two in 1839. They are ethnically and linguistically diverse, with a substrate ofAgtas,Negritos who are food-gatherers withno fixed abodes, overlaid byIlongots and others in a number of tribes, some of whom were fierce head-hunters (they have given up the practice), with the latest but largest element of the population being theIlocanos, closely followed by theIbanags.

Administrative divisions

[edit]

Cagayan Valley comprises fiveprovinces, one independentcity, three componentcities, 89municipalities, and 2,311 barangays.[5]

Provinces

[edit]
Political map of Cagayan Valley
ProvinceCapitalLargest settlementPopulation(2024 census)[43]Area[44]DensityCitiesMuni.Barangay
km2sq mi/km2/sq mi
BatanesBasco0.5%18,937219.0184.56862200629
CagayanTuguegarao34.0%1,284,6769,295.753,589.11140360128820
IsabelaIlagan45.9%1,733,04812,414.934,793.431403603341,055
Nueva VizcayaBayombong14.0%530,1063,975.671,535.01130340015275
QuirinoCabarroguisDiffun5.6%210,8413,323.471,283.206316006132
Total3,685,74428,228.8310,899.211303404892,311

• Figures for Isabela include theindependent component city ofSantiago.

Governors and vice governors
[edit]
ProvinceImageGovernorPolitical PartyVice Governor
Ronald P. Aguto Jr.PFPJonathan Enrique V. Nanud Jr.
Edgar B. AglipayNacionalistaManuel N. Mamba
Rodolfo Albano IIIPFPFrancis Faustino A. Dy
Jose V. GambitoPFPEufemia A. Dacayo
Dakila Carlo E. CuaPFPJulius Caesar S. Vaquilar

Cities andMunicipalities

[edit]
  •  † Regional center
City/MunicipalityPopulation(2024)[43]Area[6]DensityClassIncome classProvince
km2sq mi/km2/sq mi
Abulug35,347162.6062.78220570Municipality3rdCagayan
Aglipay31,596161.7062.43200520Municipality3rdQuirino
Alcala41,468187.2072.28220570Municipality3rdCagayan
Alfonso Castañeda8,933375.40144.942462Municipality1stNueva Vizcaya
Alicia74,699154.1059.504801,200Municipality1stIsabela
Allacapan35,946306.80118.46120310Municipality3rdCagayan
Ambaguio16,401156.2660.33100260Municipality5thNueva Vizcaya
Amulung50,903264.51102.13190490Municipality2ndCagayan
Angadanan68,368204.4078.92330850Municipality3rdIsabela
Aparri68,368286.64110.67240620Municipality1stCagayan
Aritao45,000265.60102.55170440Municipality2ndNueva Vizcaya
Aurora37,191115.5644.62330850Municipality3rdIsabela
Bagabag39,138183.9071.00210540Municipality2ndNueva Vizcaya
Baggao90,723920.60355.4599260Municipality1stCagayan
Ballesteros34,562120.0046.33290750Municipality4thCagayan
Bambang60,146345.00133.21170440Municipality1stNueva Vizcaya
Basco9,64749.4619.10200520Municipality5thBatanes
Bayombong72,890136.0052.515401,400Municipality1stNueva Vizcaya
Benito Soliven30,682184.4071.20170440Municipality4thIsabela
Buguey32,351164.5063.51200520Municipality3rdCagayan
Burgos26,72973.1028.22370960Municipality4thIsabela
Cabagan55,445430.40166.18130340Municipality1stIsabela
Cabarroguis34,720260.20100.46130340Municipality3rdQuirino
Cabatuan40,22372.0027.805601,500Municipality3rdIsabela
Calayan18,008164.5063.51110280Municipality3rdCagayan
Camalaniugan25,62976.5029.54340880Municipality4thCagayan
Cauayan143,539336.40129.884301,100Component city3rdIsabela
Claveria32,997194.8075.21170440Municipality3rdCagayan
Cordon46,688144.0055.60320830Municipality3rdIsabela
Delfin Albano30,860189.0072.97160410Municipality4thIsabela
Diadi20,438181.2069.96110280Municipality4thNueva Vizcaya
Diffun58,254320.10123.59180470Municipality2ndQuirino
Dinapigue6,116574.40221.781128Municipality1stIsabela
Divilacan5,871889.49343.436.617Municipality2ndIsabela
Dupax del Norte35,509347.30134.09100260Municipality3rdNueva Vizcaya
Dupax del Sur22,388374.70144.6760160Municipality2ndNueva Vizcaya
Echague91,320680.80262.86130340Municipality1stIsabela
Enrile36,481184.5071.24200520Municipality3rdCagayan
Gamu30,850129.4049.96240620Municipality4thIsabela
Gattaran59,704707.50273.1784220Municipality1stCagayan
Gonzaga41,994567.43219.0974190Municipality1stCagayan
Iguig31,342108.1041.74290750Municipality4thCagayan
Ilagan164,0201,166.26450.30140360Component city1stIsabela
Itbayat2,93783.1332.103591Municipality5thBatanes
Ivana1,36816.546.3983210Municipality6thBatanes
Jones46,160670.14258.7469180Municipality1stIsabela
Kasibu46845318.80123.09150390Municipality3rdNueva Vizcaya
Kayapa27,865482.90186.4558150Municipality3rdNueva Vizcaya
Lal-lo48,404702.80271.3569180Municipality1stCagayan
Lasam42,042213.7082.51200520Municipality3rdCagayan
Luna21,01545.7017.644601,200Municipality5thIsabela
Maconacon4,252538.66207.987.920Municipality3rdIsabela
Maddela41,867918.57354.6646120Municipality1stQuirino
Mahatao1,74512.904.98140360Municipality6thBatanes
Mallig32,509133.4051.51240620Municipality4thIsabela
Nagtipunan26,5411,607.40620.621744Municipality1stQuirino
Naguilian34,520169.8165.5639100Municipality4thIsabela
Palanan18,091880.24339.862154Municipality1stIsabela
Pamplona25,182173.3066.91150390Municipality4thCagayan
Peñablanca50,8561,193.20460.7043110Municipality1stCagayan
Piat25,436139.6053.90180470Municipality4thCagayan
Quezon28,376189.9073.32150390Municipality4thIsabela
Quezon24,055187.5072.39130340Municipality4thNueva Vizcaya
Quirino25,306126.2048.73200520Municipality4thIsabela
Ramon57,412135.1752.194201,100Municipality2ndIsabela
Reina Mercedes28,22257.1422.064901,300Municipality4thIsabela
Rizal19,577124.4048.03160410Municipality5thCagayan
Roxas66,593184.8071.35360930Municipality1stIsabela
Sabtang1,77440.7015.7144110Municipality6thBatanes
Saguday17,86355.5021.43320830Municipality5thQuirino
San Agustin22,228278.40107.4980210Municipality3rdIsabela
San Guillermo21,043325.49125.6765170Municipality4thIsabela
San Isidro27,32671.9027.76380980Municipality5thIsabela
San Manuel34,740112.7743.54310800Municipality4thIsabela
San Mariano61,8761,469.50567.3842110Municipality1stIsabela
San Mateo67,433120.6046.565601,500Municipality1stIsabela
San Pablo26,462637.90246.2941110Municipality2ndIsabela
Sanchez-Mira26,292198.8076.76130340Municipality3rdCagayan
Santa Ana34,595441.30170.3978200Municipality2ndCagayan
Santa Fe18,950399.81154.3747120Municipality3rdNueva Vizcaya
Santa Maria25,919140.0054.05190490Municipality4thIsabela
Santa Praxedes4,643109.9742.4642110Municipality5thCagayan
Santa Teresita19,476166.9864.47120310Municipality4thCagayan
Santiago [1]150,313275.00106.185501,400Independent component city1stIsabela
Santo Niño29,066512.90198.0357150Municipality2ndCagayan
Santo Tomas25,99760.7023.444301,100Municipality4thIsabela
Solana89,840234.6090.58380980Municipality1stCagayan
Solano69,296139.8053.985001,300Municipality1stNueva Vizcaya
Tuao66,147215.5083.21310800Municipality1stCagayan
†Tuguegarao167,297144.8055.911,2003,100Component city3rdCagayan
Tumauini77,153467.30180.43170440Municipality1stIsabela
Uyugan1,46616.286.2990230Municipality6thBatanes
Villaverde21,00181.5031.47260670Municipality5thNueva Vizcaya

1 Santiago City is administratively and legally independent from the province of Isabela as stated in Section 25 of the LGC.[45]

Demographics

[edit]
Population census of Cagayan Valley
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903295,211—    
1918348,332+1.11%
1939600,151+2.62%
1948669,006+1.21%
19601,035,750+3.71%
19701,462,723+3.51%
19751,665,245+2.63%
19801,919,091+2.88%
19902,340,545+2.01%
19952,536,035+1.51%
20002,813,159+2.25%
20073,051,487+1.13%
20103,229,163+2.08%
20153,451,410+1.28%
20203,685,744+1.39%
20243,777,608+0.59%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[46][47][2]
Population percentage
(2020)[2]

Languages

[edit]

Ilocano is the main lingua franca (orally) of the region. Other languages includeIbanag andIvatan, the main language ofBatanes. The use ofTagalog andEnglish also serve as the region's language in education, governance, tourism, popular culture, and commerce inside and outside the region.

Economy

[edit]

Poverty incidence of Cagayan Valley

10
20
30
40
2000
38.57
2003
24.50
2006
26.84
2009
25.50
2012
22.14
2015
17.77
2018
16.29
2021
11.70

Source:Philippine Statistics Authority[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]

Rice fields inNueva Vizcaya
A view of Tuguegarao, Cagayan as seen in April 2011

The province ofIsabela and the city ofSantiago[56] are notably the most progressive province and richest city in the region, respectively.[57][58][59] Isabela was the 9th richest province in thePhilippines in 2021, being the only province from the region to be included in the list.[60][61][62][63][64]

The city ofTuguegarao is the center of excellence in education, commerce, trade and culture and as the economic center of the region, the city continuously aims for outstanding performance and competence in administration, citizen participation, community and economic development, cultural arts, education, fiscal management, infrastructure, intergovernmental cooperation, planning, public safety, recreation and leisure services, social services, and technology. Its economy gradually shifted from agriculture to secondary/tertiary economic activities such as trading, commerce and services. The shift was ushered by city's role as theRegional Government Center andCenter of Commerce in Northern Luzon.[65][66][67]

Tuguegarao City was included to be one of the digital cities for 2025 to sustain the rapid growth of the Information Technology and Business Process Management and to promote development in the city. The program (Digital Cities 2025) was created through a partnership between the DICT, the IT and Business Process Association of the Philippines (IBPAP), and Leechiu Property Consultants (LPC).[68]

Cauayan is a component city in the province of Isabela. It is dubbed as theIdeal City of the North and the host city for the proposedIsabela Special Economic Zone and theRegional Agro-Industrial Growth Center.[69] It is the home of Cosmos Bottling Corporation, now acquired by the giant multinational business conglomerate San Miguel Corporation manufactures soft drinks in the area and the Mega Asia Bottling Corporation with its newly built plant for RC Cola brand. It is also here where the regional sales offices of several multi-national companies are located. As a young city, it has enormous potential for small to large enterprises and its real estate industry is just beginning. Medium size commercial centers or subdivisions are the appropriate ventures to put up.[70][71]

Ilagan is a component city and the capital of the province of Isabela. The city is theCorn Capital of the Philippines and has been considered as thePrimary Growth Center of Region 2.[72][73][74] Most of the industries in the city are agri-based. Over the past decades, there has been a great number of local investments in poultry and hog raising. There are several poultry contract growers and small and medium scale hog raisers in the city. Other support facilities, warehouses and small and big rice mills, strategically located in the different barangays of the city to address the storage needs of farmers during the harvest season. Of all cities in the country, Ilagan ranks as the top producer of corn.[75] As an agriculture-based city, it produces ample supply of corn, rice, vegetables and legumes. Fruits like the banana are year-round products especially in the mountainous areas of the city. Ilagan also produces seasonal fruits such as mangoes and pomelo. Commerce and trade is considered to be the city's second economic-based income. It is also the hub of theCoca-Cola FEMSA Philippines, Inc., one of the industrial complexes in the region.[76][77]

Solano is a first class municipality and the main commercial and financial center of the province of Nueva Vizcaya. It also has the most fast food restaurants chains and the most banks among the municipalities in the entire region. According to the 2016 Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index conducted by the National Competitiveness Council, Solano took the 25th spot overall and ranked 30th among the first class and second class municipalities in the Philippines. This further solidified the status of Solano as the undisputed premier town of Cagayan Valley being the premier town in Nueva Vizcaya and the fastest-growing municipality in the region.[78][79][80]

Cagayan has several attractions which include beaches, swimming, snorkeling, skin-diving, fishing in the river and the sea, hiking in primeval forest, mountain-climbing, archaeological sites, the collection of the provincial museum, the Callao Caves, and many churches.TheCagayan Economic Zone Authority (CEZA) is situated inSanta Ana, Cagayan.

Quirino is the youngest province in the region. With its agricultural based nature, the vast vegetative agricultural covers reveal the major source of living of the people. Farming has been the main industry in the province, with rice and corn as major crops as with other provinces in the region. Virgin forest and wealthy bodies of water have been great contributors in its development. Small scale industries like furniture making, basketry, rattan craft, and dried/fossilized flower production, where the province was famously known, are prevalent. Banana products also sold in and out the province and also for export purposes. The small scale business and associations also make their own products like banana chips, peanuts, patupats and others. The province also produces a substantial amount of fruits/crops like mango, citrus, pineapple, coffee, coconut, papaya,lanzones,rambutan and vegetables.[81][82]

The province ofNueva Vizcaya has basically an agricultural economy with commerce, trade, and industry contributing to its growth and development. Among other major economic activities are farming and cattle and swine raising. Primary crops arepalay and corn. The province produces quality onions and vegetables often sold in Metro Manila. Oranges and mangoes are now major crops being exported fresh to other Asian countries; earning its title as theCitrus Capital of the Philippines.[83][84]

Batanes is the northernmost and smallest province in the region as well as in the whole Philippines. It is the only province located outside the mainland Cagayan Valley. Due to its geographical location, fishing is considered as a major industry and source of livelihood for the people. Garlic and cattle are major export crops. Ivatans also plantcamote (sweet potato), cassava, gabi or tuber and a unique variety of whiteuvi. Sugarcane is raised to producepalek, a kind of native wine, and vinegar. Tourism also contributes to the province's thriving economy.[85]

Agriculture

[edit]

Cagayan Valley being the country's second largest region in terms of land area. As of 2022, Cagayan Valley region remains to be the top producer of corn in the whole country and second in rice production.[86][87] Isabela is now dubbed as the top producer of Corn in the Philippines and the Rice Granary of the North.[88][89]

Trade and industry

[edit]

In 2014, retail giants likeRobinsons Land andSM Prime opened its pioneer malls in the region, theRobinsons Place Santiago andSM City Cauayan inSantiago City andCauayan respectively.[90][91] The two retail companies further strengthened their presence in the region with the opening ofSM Center Tuguegarao Downtown[92] in 2017 andRobinsons Place Tuguegarao[93] in 2018, both are located in the region's capital,Tuguegarao City. In 2022,SM Prime openedSM City Tuguegarao, its third in the region and second in Tuguegarao City.[94]

In 2018,Vista Land and Life Scapes, Inc. announced the establishment of its first high-end mall in the region that is Vista Mall Santiago inSantiago City, and they are also putting up Vista Mall inTuguegarao City it will be second on the region after Vista Mall Santiago.[95][96]

Aquaculture and fishing industry

[edit]

On January 11, 2008, the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) stated thattilapia (species ofcichlidfishes from thetilapiine cichlidtribe) production grew and Cagayan Valley is now thePhilippines'tilapia capital (Saint Peter's fish).[97][98][99] Production supply grew 37.25% since 2003, with 14,000 metric tons (MT) in 2007. The recent aquaculture congress found that the growth of tilapia production was due to government interventions: provision of fast-growing species, accreditation of private hatcheries to ensure supply of quality fingerlings, establishment of demonstration farms, providing free fingerlings to newly constructed fishponds, and the dissemination of tilapia toNueva Vizcaya (inDiadi town). Cagayan Valley is one of the largest tilapia producing regions in the country,[100] with Isabela as the leading producer.[101][102] The development of the tilapia farming industry in the province came about with the water supply provided by the Magat Reservoir for irrigating rice fields. The high demand for food fish in the region was also a contributing factor. Based on the data from the Bureau Fisheries and Aquatic Resources in 2020, there are about 1,000 hectares of freshwater ponds in Isabela, producing around 16,000 metric tons of tilapia a year.[103][104][105]

Cagayan's coastline is one of the longest in the country having almost 73% of Cagayan Valley Region's coastal seaboards. This is aside from the large rivers and their tributaries, lakes, creeks and streams which are also rich fishing and aquaculture grounds. Untapped coastal fishing grounds stretch from the towns ofSanta Praxedes in the west toSanta Ana on the east, on its northern coast facing theBabuyan Channel;[106][107] and from Santa Ana down toPeñablanca on its eastern coast facing thePhilippine Sea.[108] Despite this endowment, the province's fish production is not even enough to supply and sustain its own fish requirements. Deep sea fishing is not a common occurrence in the province – thus, foreign poachers are the ones reaping the bounties of its seas. Cagayan's deep seas are known for species like tuna, tuna-like fishes, hairtail, snapper, scad, slipmouth, mullet, grouper, shrimp, squid, and lobsters. The inland waters are used primarily by subsistence fishermen. Few privately operated fishponds and fish cages contribute to the overall fish supply of the Province.[109]

The coastal waters of Isabela are big sources of marine life that could supply the fish requirements of the region, according to a study commissioned by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR). The study stated that Isabela waters are rich in untapped fisheries and marine resources and also has extensive sea grass beds and coral reefs that are home to variety of fish species which include sardines and mackerel and have sizable chunks of oceanic tunas, which thrive throughout the year. The fishing ground has 238 marine fish species. High species diversity could be an indication that the habitat is still good and undisturbed.[110][111][112]

The fishing industry in Cagayan Valley has been in perturbed condition owing to the declining pattern of production for the past years.[113] Since 2015, average annual reduction in fisheries production in the region was estimated at three thousand metric tons or more than five percent decrease per year. In 2020, the latest estimated production at 45,382 metric tons is 4.6 percent lower than the 2018 total fish production of 47,572 metric tons and almost one third lower than the highest production realized in 2011 at 64,876 metric tons.[114][115]

By fishing grounds classification in the region, there is an inland municipal fisheries production and marine municipal fisheries production, the latter, particularly in provinces with coastal areas in the provinces of Cagayan, Isabela and Batanes. According to thePhilippine Statistics Authority (PSA), inland municipal production for 2021 has gone up close to 2,000 metric tons, while marine municipal production reached close to 3,300 metric tons, both as an initial production in the first quarter of 2020.[116]

According to the Bureau Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), since 2010 to 2015, the fish sufficiency level in Cagayan Valley is on downtrend level because of the various threats to the industry. Several problems have affected the sector in the recent years including the weather disturbances, use of illegal fishing gears and methods and the increasing demand of a fast-growing population. The provinces of Batanes and Cagayan have passed the 100 percent sufficiency level at 138 percent while Cagayan recorded 96 percent. However, the performances of Isabela, Quirino and Nueva Vizcaya at 17 percent, 11 percent and 10 percent, respectively, have affected the total performance of the region. Data obtained from the Bureau Fisheries and Aquatic Resources showed that from 2006 to 2015, the sufficiency level has dropped significantly in 2010 until it reached its lowest level at 44 percent in the last five years.[117][118] However, the overall fisheries production in the region grew by one percent in 3rd Quarter of 2020. From the total output of 11,954 metric tons in 2019, it accelerated to 12,075 metric tons in 2020.[119]

Citrus industry

[edit]

Cagayan Valley is positioned to become the country'sCitrus Capital through a program undertaken by theNueva Vizcaya State University (NVSU) with funding from thePhilippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development of the Department of Science and Technology (DoST-PCAARRD). The country's domestic supply of citrus is currently insufficient to meet local demand, according to DoST-PCAARRD, due to "high incidence of pest and diseases, poor orchard management, and low adoption of improved management practices, among many other factors." The NVSU's citrus research and development program includes yield improvement, setting up agene bank, and value chain analysis. It targets a 233% increase in yield – from 4.5 tons per hectare ha (t/ha) to 15 t/ha – and a 60% reduction in post-harvest losses from 25% to 10% by 2019. The targets are part of theCitrus Industry Strategic S&T Program (ISP) of DoST-PCAARRD. By the end of 2017, the program team is expected to produce value chain maps forcalamansi,orange, andpomelo in the region; characterize fifteen species for the database system of the gene bank study; improve NVSU andMunicipal Agriculture Office (MAGRO) citrus nurseries producing 10,000 and 2,000 budded seedlings, respectively; establish new 1-hectare orchard with planting materials from NVSU; and generate data on the description of local citrus pests and diseases.[120][121]

Infrastructure

[edit]

Roads and Bridges

[edit]
  • Pigalo Bridge - ThePigalo Bridge traverses over the Cagayan River in Angadanan, Isabela. This bridge connects the two municipalities of Angadanan in the northeast, and San Guillermo in the southwest. The proposed construction of the Pigalo Bridge approaches the span of about 450 lin. meters across the river. The project officially started on April 10, 2017, and was completed on April 29, 2019.[122]
  • Buntun Bridge -Buntun Bridge, built over three administrations from 1960 to 1969, connects the Municipality of Solana and the City of Tuguegarao, crossing the Cagayan River. It is among the longest bridges in the Philippines. The bridge extends 1,369 m (meters) in length.[123]

Image gallery

[edit]

Notable people

[edit]
Main articles:Cagayan § Notable personalities,Isabela (province) § Notable personalities, andNueva Vizcaya § Notable personalities

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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External links

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