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Caesareum of Alexandria

Coordinates:31°12′03″N29°53′58″E / 31.2009°N 29.8994°E /31.2009; 29.8994
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Built as a temple; converted to a Christian church (late-4th century) in Alexandria, Egypt
Caesareum
Map
Interactive map of Caesareum
General information
StatusDestroyed
TypeBuilt as a temple; converted to a Christian church (late-4th century)
LocationAlexandria,Egypt
Completed1st century BC
Renovated4th century (converted to Christian church)
Destroyed19th century
Client • Cleopatra VII (started)
 • Augustus (finished)

TheCaesareum of Alexandria is an ancienttemple inAlexandria,Egypt. It was conceived byCleopatra VII of thePtolemaic kingdom, the lastpharaoh ofancient Egypt, to honour her first known loverJulius Caesar[1] orMark Antony.[2]The edifice was finished by the Roman emperorAugustus, after he defeatedMark Antony and Cleopatra in Egypt. He destroyed all traces of Antony in Alexandria, and apparently dedicated the temple to his own cult.[3]

Converted to aChristian church in the late 4th century, the Caesareum was the headquarters ofCyril of Alexandria, thePatriarch of Alexandria from 412 to 444.[4]

Thephilosopher andmathematicianHypatia was murdered at the Caesareum by a Christian mob in 415; they stripped her naked and tore her to pieces.[5]

Elements of the temple survived until the 19th century.Cleopatra's Needles, two much earlier obelisks moved to the temple in ancient times, now stand inCentral Park inNew York City and on theThames Embankment, inLondon.[3][6] The underwater archaeological work ofFranck Goddio and theEuropean Institute for Underwater Archaeology (IEASM) in the eastern harbour of Alexandria[7] has added to the knowledge about the Caesareum. An article "The Caesarium",[8] published in 2021, reveals that the groundworks were started prior to the reign of Cleopatra VII. It also considers the building's relationship with the harbour based on ancient texts and the position of Cleopatra's Needles and it provides some indications about the siting of the temple itself.

Today, a large statue of the Alexandrine nationalist leaderSaad Zaghloul (1859–1927) stands on the Caesareum site.

The Saad Zaghloul Pasha statue inAlexandria, built over the Caesareum site.

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^Fletcher, Joann (2008),Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Behind the Legend, New York: Harper, pp. 216–217,ISBN 978-0-06-058558-7.
  2. ^Centre d'Études Alexandrines (2022)."Le Césaréum". Retrieved6 November 2022.
  3. ^abMcKenzie, Judith (2007).The Architecture of Alexandria and Egypt, c. 300BC to AD 700. Vol. 63. Yale University Press. p. 177.ISBN 978-0-300-11555-0.
  4. ^Staff (2012)."The Caesarium of Alexandria – Scene of the Crime". cosmographica.com. Retrieved23 February 2012.
  5. ^Socrates Scholasticus.Ecclesiastical History, Bk VI: Chap. 15.
  6. ^Ellis, Simon P. (1992).Graeco-Roman Egypt.Osprey Publishing. pp. 16–17.ISBN 978-0-7478-0158-0.[permanent dead link]
  7. ^"The sunken ancient port of Alexandria".Franck Goddio - Underwater Archaeologist. Retrieved2022-11-02.
  8. ^Franck Goddio, Catherine Grataloup (pottery): The Caesarium, edited by Damian Robinson, Franck Goddio, "Constructing, Remaking and Dismantling Sacred Landscapes in Lower Egypt from the Late Dynastic to the Early Medieval Period", Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology Monograph, volume 11. University of Oxford, Oxford 2021,ISBN 978-1-9989943-0-4.

31°12′03″N29°53′58″E / 31.2009°N 29.8994°E /31.2009; 29.8994

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