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Cadwallon ab Ieuaf

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King of Gwynedd from 985 to 986

Ieuaf ab Idwal Foel
A fanciful illustration of Cadwallon ab Ieuaf from theHistorie of Cambria (1584)^[1]
King of Gwynedd
Reign	c. 985-986
Predecessor	Hywel Dda

Died	c. 986
Father	Idwal Foel

Cadwallon ap Ieuaf (died 986) was aKing of Gwynedd from 985 to 986, inheriting the Kingdom of Gwynedd after the death of his older brotherHywel ap Ieuaf in 985.

Cadwallon was the son ofIeuaf ap Idwal, son of KingIdwal Foel (Idwal the Bald), who had become King of Gwynedd from 916 on the death of his fatherAnarawd ap Rhodri. Cadwallon's paternal great grandparents wereRhodri Mawr, King of Gwynedd andAngharad ferch Meurig of Ceredigion.^[2]

Cadwallon was the younger son ofIeuaf. Upon his grandfather Idwal Foel's death in battle against theAnglo-Saxons in 942, Cadwallon's father Ieuaf and his uncleIago ab Idwal were driven from their kingdom by their uncleHywel Dda ofDeheubarth, who took the crown for himself. The brothers later reclaimed their inheritance in 950 after Hywel's death. They ruled Gwynedd jointly until 969 when the two brothers quarrelled and Iago took Ieuaf prisoner. Some sources claim Iago had Ieuaf hanged, others that Ieuaf was imprisoned until 988. Cadwallon's uncle Iago then ruled most of another decade. In 974, Cadwallon's brotherHywel ap Ieuaf raised an army and managed to depose and temporarily drive his uncle Iago from Gwynedd. Iago later returned to the throne for a short time.^[3]

In 978 Hywel made another attempt to take the kingdom from Iago, and raided the monastery atClynnog Fawr, assisted by English troops, possibly provided byÆlfhere,Earl of Mercia. Hywel defeated Iago in battle in 979, and the same year Iago was captured by a force ofVikings, possibly in Hywel's pay, and Iago disappears from the historical record. There appear to be no surviving record of Iago's fate, but his son Custennin Ddu was killed whilst raiding the Llŷn peninsula and Anglesey in 980 in conjunction with theViking chiefGofraid mac Arailt, king of Man.^[2]

Hywel made an alliance with the SaxonÆlfhere and attackedBrycheiniog andMorgannwg with some success, but 985 his English allies turned on him and killed him.^[3]

Cadwallon succeeded to the throne of Gwynedd on the death of his brotherHywel ap Ieuaf in 985. He only reigned for a year, for in 986Maredudd ab Owain ofDeheubarth invaded Gwynedd, slew Cadwallon and annexed his kingdom.^[4]^[5]^[6] This was inherited by Maredudd's grandson by his daughter Angharad,Gruffudd ap Llywellyn who becameKing of Wales.^[6]

Preceded by

Hywel ap Ieuaf

Kingdom of Gwynedd
985–986

Succeeded by

Maredudd ab Owain

Sources

[edit]

Powel, David (1584).The historie of Cambria, now called Wales: a part of the most famous Yland of Brytaine, written in the Brytish language aboue two hundreth yeares past. Translated byLlwyd, Humphrey. London: Rafe Newberrie and Henrie Denham.IA historieofcambri00cara.

References

[edit]

^Powel 1584, p. 67.
^^a ^bPierce, T. J., (1959).IEUAF (or IDWAL) ab IDWAL FOEL (died 985), joint king of Gwynedd.Dictionary of Welsh Biography. Retrieved 29 Apr 2025, from https://biography.wales/article/s-IEUA-API-0985
^^a ^bPierce, T. J., (1959).HYWEL ap IEUAF (died 985), king of Gwynedd.Dictionary of Welsh Biography. Retrieved 29 Apr 2025, from https://biography.wales/article/s-HYWE-API-0985
^David Peter Kirby; Ann Williams; Alfred P. Smyth (1991).A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain: England, Scotland and Wales, C. 500 – c. 1050. Seaby. p. 179.
^John Edward Lloyd (1911).A history of Wales: from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest. Longmans, Green & Co. Retrieved29 April 2025.
^^a ^bPierce, T. J., (1959).MAREDUDD ab OWAIN ap HYWEL DDA (died 999), king of Deheubarth.Dictionary of Welsh Biography. Retrieved 29 Apr 2025, from https://biography.wales/article/s-MARE-ABO-0999

Rulers ofmedieval Wales

Territories/dates^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]	Powys		Dogfeiling	Gwynedd	Dunoding	Ceredigion	Ystrad Tywi	Dyfed	Brycheiniog	Glywysing	Gwent	Ergyng
400–600	Sub-Roman Britain
	Kingdom of Powys Gwrtheyrn CatigernCadell DdyrnllwgRhuddfedel Frych Cyngen GlodryddBrochwel Ysgithrog Cynan Garwyn Selyf ap Cynan Manwgan ap Selyf		Kingdom of Gwynedd				Kingdom of Dyfed Triffyn Farfog Aergol Lawhir Vortiporius		Brycheiniog Anlach mac CormacBrychan	Glywysing Mor Solor Glywys Gwynllŵg Gwynllyw Cadoc	Kingdom of Gwent Ynyr Gwent Caradoc Vreichvras	Ergyng Peibio Clafrog Cynfyn Gwrfoddw Gwrgan Fawr
			Dogfeiling Dogfael ap Cunedda Wledig Elno ap Dogfael Glas ap Elno Elgud ap Glas ap Elno Elaeth ab Elgud Meurig ap Elaeth	House of Gwynedd Cunedda Wledig Einion Yrth ap Cunedda Cadwallon Lawhir Maelgwn Gwynedd Rhun Hir ap Maelgwn Beli ap Rhun Iago ap Beli Cadfan ap Iago Cadwallon ap Cadfan (Canu Cadwallon)Cadafael Cadwaladr	Dunoding Dunod ap Cunedda Eifion ap Dunod Dingad ab Eifion Meurig ad Dingad Eifion ap Meurig Issac ap Eifion ap Meurig Pobien Hen ap Isaac Pobddelw ap Pobien Hen Eifion ap Pobddelw Brochwel ap Eifion Eigion ap Brochwel ab Eifion Ieuanawl ab Eigion Caradog ap Ieuanawl Bleiddud ap Caradog Cuhelyn ap Bleiddud	Kingdom of Ceredigion Ceredig ap CuneddaUsai ap Ceredig Serwyl ab Usai Boddw ap Serwyl Arthfoddw ap Boddw Athrwys ab Arthfoddw Clydog ab Athrwys			Brycheiniog Anlach mac CormacBrychan		Kingdom of Gwent Ynyr Gwent Caradoc Vreichvras
600–613							Cloten Cathen ap Gwlyddein Cadwgan ap Caten Rhain ap Cadwgan			Tewdrig Meurig ap Tewdrig
613–642	Eluadd ap Glast (Eiludd Powys)
642–645	Manwgan ap Selyf Beli ab Eiludd Gwylog ap Beli Elisedd ap Gwylog Brochfael ab Elisedd Cadell ap Brochfael Cyngen ap Cadell
645–682										Athrwys ap Meurig Morgan ab Athrwys Ithel ap Morgan Meurig ab Ithel
682–740			Idwal Iwrch Rhodri Molwynog Caradog ap Meirion Cynan Dindaethwy Hywel ap Caradog
730–745						Seisyllwg Seisyll ap Clydog Arthen ap Seisyll Dyfnwallon ab Arthen Meurig ap Dyfnwallon Gwgon ap Meurig		Dyfed Tewdos (Tewdwr)Maredudd ap Tewdws Rhain ap Maredudd Owain ap Maredudd Triffyn ap Rhain Bleddri (Bledrig)Hyfaidd ap Bleddri Llywarch ap Hyfaidd Rhodri ap Hyfaidd Hywel Dda	Brycheiniog
745–825										Glywysing Rhys ab Ithel Rhodri ab Ithel Meurig ab Ithel Rhys ap Arthfael Hywel ap Rhys Owain ap Hywel	Gwent Brochfael ap Meurig Ffernfael ap Meurig Brochwel ap Meurig Arthfael ap Hywel Ithel ab Athrwys ap Ffernfael	Mercia
825–854			House of Aberffraw Merfyn Frych Rhodri Mawr
854–872	Rhodri Mawr
871–878	Rhodri Mawr					Rhodri Mawr
878–909	Powys Merfyn ap Rhodri Llywelyn ap Merfyn		Gwynedd Anarawd ap Rhodri			House of Dinefwr Cadell ap Rhodri
909–913						Deheubarth Hywel Dda
913–925												Kingdom of England Archenfield
916–930	Idwal Foel									Owain ap Hywel
930–942	Idwal Foel									Glywysing Gruffydd ab Owain Cadwgan ab Owain	Gwent Morgan Hen ab Owain
942–950	Hywel Dda									Glywysing Gruffydd ab Owain Cadwgan ab Owain	Gwent Morgan Hen ab Owain
950–986	Powys Owain ap Hywel Dda		Gwynedd Ieuaf Iago ab Idwal Hywel ap Ieuaf Cadwallon ab Ieuaf			Deheubarth Owain ap Hywel Dda				Morgannwg Morgan Hen ab Owain Hywel ab Owain ap Morgan Hen Rhydderch ab Iestyn Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
988–999	Maredudd ab Owain
999–1022	Powys Llywelyn ap Seisyll		Gwynedd Cynan ap Hywel Aeddan ap Blegywryd			Deheubarth Rhain the Irishman Cadell ab Einion
1018–1023	Llywelyn ap Seisyll
1023–1033	Powys Rhydderch ab Iestyn		Gwynedd Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig			Deheubarth Rhydderch ab Iestyn Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
1033–1039	Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig Gruffudd ap Llywelyn					Deheubarth Rhydderch ab Iestyn Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
1045–1055	Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig Gruffudd ap Llywelyn					Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
1055–1063	Gruffudd ap Llywelyn
1063–1075	House of Mathrafal Bleddyn ap Cynfyn					Deheubarth Maredudd ab Owain ab Edwin Rhys ab Owain Rhys ap Tewdwr				Glywysing Caradog ap Gruffudd	Gwent Cadwgan ap Meurig
1075–1081	Powys Iorwerth ap Bleddyn Cadwgan ap Bleddyn Owain ap Cadwgan Maredudd ap Bleddyn Madog ap Maredudd		Gwynedd Trahaearn ap Caradog							Morgannwg Caradog ap Gruffudd Iestyn ap Gwrgant
1081–1093			Gruffudd ap Cynan Owain Gwynedd Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
1088–1116						Norman occupation
1095–1160						Deheubarth Gruffydd ap Rhys Anarawd ap Gruffydd Cadell ap Gruffydd Maredudd ap Gruffydd Rhys ap Gruffydd Gruffydd ap Rhys II Maelgwn ap Rhys Rhys Gryg			Lordship of Brecknock	Lordship of Glamorgan
1160–1216	Powys Fadog Gruffydd Maelor I Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor Gruffydd II ap Madog Madog II ap Gruffydd Gruffudd Fychan I	Powys Wenwynwyn Owain Cyfeiliog Gwenwynwyn
1216–1241		Principality of Wales Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
1241–1283		Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn	Dafydd ap Llywelyn Owain Goch ap Gruffudd Llywelyn ap Gruffudd Dafydd ap Gruffudd
1283–1287	(English conquest of Wales)
1535–1542	Laws in Wales Acts
^Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional ^Bartrum, Peter Clement (1993).A Welsh Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend Up to about A.D. 1000. National Library of Wales.ISBN 0907158730. ^biography.wales (Dictionary of Welsh Biography) ^Davies, John (1994).A History of Wales. Penguin Books.ISBN 9780140145816. ^Encyclopaedia of Wales. University of Wales Press. 2008.ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6. ^Lloyd, John Edward (1912).A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest. Longmans, Green, and Co. ^Turvey, Roger (2010).Twenty-One Welsh Princes. Conwy: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch.ISBN 9781845272692.

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