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Acadet is a student or trainee within various organisations, primarily inmilitary contexts where individuals undergo training to becomecommissioned officers. However, several civilian organisations, including civil aviation groups, maritime organisations, and police services, also designate their trainees as cadets.
In several military services, cadets, flight cadets, officer cadets, and gentleman/lady cadets may refer to recruits and students that are undergoing military training to becomecommissioned officers. The specific rank structure and responsibilities of cadets can vary among different military organisations.
In Australia, a cadet is an officer in training. The official rank is Officer Cadet (OCDT for members of theAustralian Regular Army and OFFCDT for members of theRoyal Australian Air Force), but OCDTs in the Royal Military College–Duntroon are referred to asstaff cadet (Scdt) for historical reasons.
InAustria-Hungary, the cadets of theAustro-Hungarian Army (1867–1918) wore theFeldwebel rank insignia on the gorget patch. The characteristic of the cadet ranks was the so-called distinction-galloon on the sleeve ends. It was similar to the feldwebel-galloon, however, from gold colour instead of emperor-yellow. The particular rank was added as well.
The recruits of theBangladesh Army,Bangladesh Navy, andBangladesh Air Force are called Gentleman Cadets. Students ofCadet Colleges and Military Collegiate School Khulna. There are twelve Cadet Colleges in Bangladesh, nine for men and three for women. The first cadet college wasFaujdarhat Cadet College, established in 1958.
An officer-in-training with theCanadian Armed Forces is known as an "officer cadet" or a "naval cadet". Officer/naval cadets in the Canadian Armed Forces aresubordinate officers who are undergoing training to become commissioned officers. Officer cadets may be post-secondary students of theRoyal Military College of Canada or theRoyal Military College Saint-Jean under the Regular Officer Training Plan. Civilians and non-commissioned members of the Canadian Forces who are undergoing training and commissioning programs, like the "University Training Plan for Non-Commissioned Members" or the "Commissioning from the Ranks Plan", are also appointed as officer cadets.[1]
TheNational Defence University educates all officers of theFinnish Defence Forces and theFinnish Border Guard.[2][3] All students attending the bachelor's degree programare military servicemen in the rank of cadet. The prerequisites for beng accepted in the program are:[4]
The studies take three years. The first one and half years of studies take place in the National Defence University main campus on the island ofSantahamina,Helsinki. The spring of the second year and most of third year take place in the service academies:Army, Naval and Air Force Academies, in theBorder and Coast Guard Academy, or in the branch-specific schools of the Army Academy, according to the service and branch of each cadet.[5]
The cadets are servicemen and under military discipline, forming a battalion-level unit called "Cadet School". For the purposes of internal organisation of the Cadet School, they may hold cadet NCO ranks, but with regards to the rest of the Finnish military, all cadets rank as second lieutenants, with the seniority of their promotion to second lieutenant.[6] This is reasonable considering that all cadets are already reserve officers when they begin their studies. However, despite the status of students as officers, the internal discipline of the Cadet School is quite strict. Especially in the beginning of their first year, the cadets are under especially strenuous discipline administered both by the university faculty and senior cadets and marked by the obligatory participation in the traditional intiation rituals.[7]
The cadets sign a service commitment that oblige them to accept a promotion to lieutenant and an appointment to a position in the Finnish Defence Forces or the Border Guard. The service commitment is three years. Those trained as military pilots commit for 13 and half years. An officer resigning the military or being dismissed will be required to reimburse the state for the cost of their education, unless they resign for medical reasons.[8]
In Germany, the rankcadet (German:Seekadett) only exists in theGerman Navy for officers in training. In the Army and theLuftwaffe, officers in training usually have the rank of aFahnenjunker orensign (German:Fähnrich) before they are promoted into the rank of alieutenant.
Cadet is also used as a rank for those enrolled inmilitary academies of India, such as theNational Defence Academy,Indian Military Academy,Indian Naval Academy, Air Force Academy,Indian Coast Guard Academy,Officers Training Academy orArmed Forces Medical College (India). These cadets are commissioned as officers in the respective service upon graduation and commit to serve. The termGentleman Cadet is used to refer toIndian Military Academy trainees.
In theservice academies of Indonesia which includes (Military, Naval, and Air Force) also with thePolice Academy, cadets are calledTaruna for military academy and police academy cadets,Kadet for naval academy cadets, andKarbol for air force academy cadets inIndonesian. For recruits or trainee who are training to be soldiers or police personnel in the enlisted ranks, the term is calledSiswa which means "student". However,siswa may also refer to students who are studying in military high schools and other training institutions.
In Ireland, acadet is a pupil of the militarycollege, which carries out officer training for theAir Corps,Army andNaval Service. Training takes two years and the cadets are split into senior and junior grades and classes.
TheKoninklijke Militaire Academie is theservice academy for theDutch Army, theDutch Air Force, and theRoyal Marechaussee. Located inBreda, theNetherlands, the academy has trained future officers since 1828. All students serve as cadet or holding an upper cadet rank (i.e.cadet-sergeant). Students of the DutchRoyal Naval College, theservice academy for theRoyal Netherlands Navy, including theNetherlands Marine Corps do not serve ascadet, but asadelborst, the Dutch term formidshipman, or holding an upperadelborst rank (i.e.sergeant-adelborst). Both cadets and adelborsts are addressed as "jonker" (derived from "jonge heer" ("young lord") ).
In Norway, a cadet is an officer in training at one of the three Norwegian War Academies ("Krigsskole"). Each service branch (Army, Navy, and Air Force) is responsible for its war academy. The cadets hold the rank of 2nd Lieutenant during training, and graduate as a 1st Lieutenant.
In Pakistan, a cadet is an officer in training at one of the three Military Academies of Pakistan, namely thePakistan Military Academy,Pakistan Air Force Academy, and thePakistan Naval Academy. Typically, male cadets are called 'Gentlemen Cadets' and female cadets are called 'Lady Cadets'. Cadets, based on their grades, physical fitness, and other achievements may be promoted to different ranks in the cadet system, the most senior rank is 'Academy Senior under Officer'. Cadets given these ranks are awarded certain privileges, for example, the ability to choose a unit of their preference upon passing out. Furthermore, it is one of these cadets who wins the covetedSword of Honor. Some of these senior cadets are also selected for Foreign Academy training at theRoyal Military Academy Sandhurst,Royal Military College, Duntroon and other allied military academies.
In the Philippines, the termcadet is used in mostly military attached organizations, but it is more distinctive in theservice academies of the Philippines, [e.g., thePhilippine Military Academy (PMA), thePhilippine National Police Academy (PNPA),Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA),Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific (MAAP) and Aerospace Cadets of the Philippines (ACP). Graduates of these service academies are automatically given officer commissions in the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the Philippine National Police, Philippine Coast Guard, the Bureau of Fire Protection, and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology. Graduates of PMMA are given reserve officer status in the Philippine Navy and mostly go to private shipping firms. Service academy cadets are thought to be between the NCO and officer ranks, and NCO consider cadets as rank higher to them. Punishments for the cadets depends on their violations. If a cadet violates the rules and regulations of Philippine Military Training and the rules of the school itself, the cadet will get punished by either doing push-ups, pumping, or squat.
Officer candidates are referred to RESCOM, AFPOCS and PCGOBETC students who had baccalaureate degree, foreign service academies and reserve officer pools[9] undergoing 4 months to 1 year of rigorous military training.[10][11] On the other hand, cadets are referred to students of military schools undergoing 4 years of military training while completing their college degree.[12]
In Turkey, a cadet is a pupil of the military college, which carries out officer training for the Air Forces, Army, Naval Forces and coast guard and gendarmerie. Training takes two years and the cadets are split into senior and junior grades and classes. Military colleges and schools were gathered under one roof within theNational Defense University in 2016.
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Officers in training at one of the UK's officer training schools, these areBritannia Royal Naval College for theRoyal Navy,Commando Training Centre Royal Marines for theRoyal Marines,Royal Military Academy Sandhurst for theBritish Army andRoyal Air Force College Cranwell for theRoyal Air Force, as well as students who are part of theDefence Technical Undergraduate Scheme, have the rank ofOfficer Cadet.
In the United States,cadet refers to a full-time college student who is concurrently in training to become a commissioned officer of the armed forces. Students at theUnited States Military Academy, theUnited States Air Force Academy, and theUnited States Coast Guard Academy respectively hold the rank of Cadet, United States Army; Cadet, United States Air Force; and Cadet, United States Coast Guard, while students in theArmy Reserve Officer Training Corps (AROTC) and theAir Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC) respectively hold the rank of Cadet, United States Army Reserve; and Cadet, United States Air Force Reserve. In contrast, students at theUnited States Naval Academy,United States Merchant Marine Academy, and those enrolled in theNaval Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC) at civilian colleges and universities are referred to as "midshipman" (plural: "midshipmen") vice cadet and hold Midshipman rank in the United States Navy and United States Naval Reserve, respectively.
Several civilian organisations, most notably police services and civil aviation and maritime groups, use the term cadet to refer to their trainees/students.
Trainee mariners of maritime colleges such as theBangladesh Marine Academy andIndian Maritime University are also called cadets. Students at theUnited States Merchant Marine Academy and the preponderance of students at the Maine Maritime Academy, theMassachusetts Maritime Academy, theCalifornia Maritime Academy and theState University of New York Maritime College, though called cadets at their respective institutions, actually hold the rank ofMidshipman,United States Merchant Marine Reserve, United States Naval Reserve. Some state-sponsored military colleges, including The Citadel, Virginia Military Institute (VMI) and private military colleges likeNorwich University, refer to their students as cadets, or have lists of corps of cadets.
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