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Cacicazgo

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Land ruled by a cacique

For the cacicazgos in Hispaniola, seeChiefdoms of Hispaniola.

A map bySmithsonian of historicalcacicazgos inPuerto Rico

Acacicazgo (Spanish; also anglicized ascaciquedom) is aTaíno chiefdom, ruled by acacique. The Spanish colonial system recognized indigenous elites as nobles inMexico andPeru, and other areas. Nobles couldentail their estates, which were calledcacicazgos on the model of Spanish entailed estates, ormayorazgos.^[1] This term is found in contexts such as "la princesa deCofachiqui, señora de un cacigazgo indígena"^[2] or, for example: "In November of 1493, the island ofBoriquén had approximately 20 cacigazgos."^[3] According toSpanish chronicles, thecacique was at the apex of the Taínofeudal structure.Bartolomé de las Casas refers to thesecacigazgos as kingdoms.

Many individualcacicazgos have been studied incolonial Mexico, showing that entailment was a successful means to preserve noble indigenous resources as the situation for commoners declined. There are cases where Spaniards married intocacique families, thereby giving them access to indigenous resources.^[4] In theArchivo General de la Nación, Mexico, a whole section of records, calledVínculos, is devoted to individual noble entailments. A collection of them was published in 1961.^[5] Cacicazgos survived into the nineteenth century.^[6] Conflicts overinheritance were common, and the litigants' arguments found in these cases form the basis for understanding some of the dynamics of the institution.^[7]^[8] Over time, the concept ofcacique shifted, with some women attaining the title ofcacica.Cacicazgo likewise underwent some transformation during the colonial era in Mexico. "By law, a cacique was a single heir and possessor of a cacicazgo estate, which always included land and often a subject labor force to work it. The Indians themselves, however, saw things differently, and by late colonial times it was not unusual for all the sons and daughters of a cacique (or cacica) to adopt the title. How and why this change took place, its chronology, and what it meant for local community organization remain imperfectly understood...The late colonial setting was vastly different, and indigenous noble claims of the period must be understood in the context in which they arose."^[9]

References

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^Fernández de Recas, Guillermo S.,Cacicazgos y nobiliario indígena de la Nueva España. México : 351 pp. Serie: Instituto Bibliográfico Mexicano. Publicación 1961.
^"Género y jerarquía en La Florida del Inca".Editora Perú. Archived fromthe original on 1 September 2006.
^"Puerto Rico's Status 1943-2000". Archived fromthe original on 2005-12-19. Retrieved2006-01-07.
^Cline, S.L. "A cacicazgo in the Seventeenth-Century: The Case of Xochimilco," inLand and Politics in Mexico, H.R. Harvey, University of New Mexico Press, pp. 265-274.
^Fernández de Recas, Guillermo S.,Cacicazgos y nobiliario indígena de la Nueva España. México : 351 pp. Serie: Instituto Bibliográfico Mexicano. Publicación 1961.
^Monaghan, John, Arthur Joyce, and Ronald Spores. "Transformations of the indigenous cacicazgo in the nineteenth century."Ethnohistory 50, no. 1 (2003): 131-150.
^Moreno, Gilda Cubillo. (2012). "Sucesión, herencia y conflicto en el linaje Istolinque, caciques de la nobleza indígena colonial de Coyoacán." Primera parte.Diario de Campo, (8), 8-14.
^Moreno, Gilda Cubillo. "Sucesión, herencia y conflicto en el linaje Istolinque, caciques de la nobleza indígena colonial de Coyoacán. Segunda parte." Diario de Campo 9 (2012): 4-13.
^Chance, John. "The "Caciques of Tecali: Class and Ethnic Identity in Late Colonial Mexico."Hispanic American Historical Review 76(3):478.

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Cacicazgo

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